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Radford University - Psych 121 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

mood

A

a longer-lasting less intense state that is not necessarily influenced by specific events/something happen in the present

i.e., you wake up feeling a certain mood. Notice that this isn’t due to exposure to something specific

less intense, longer lasting

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2
Q

emotion

A

a temporary state that includes unqiue subjective experiences and physiological activity

in response to something **SPECIFIC **

prepares us for action!

more temporary, response to something specific, more intense

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3
Q

appraisal

A

evaluations and interpretations of emotional-relevant aspects of a stimulus/event

can be conscious or unconscious

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4
Q

action tendencies

A

a readiness to enegage in a specific set of emotion-relevant behaviors

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5
Q

emotional expression

A

an observable expression of an emotional state

tone, gaze direction and intensity, gait rhythm (how fast you’re walking), facial expression

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6
Q

charles darwin

universality hypothesis

A

all emotional expressions (facial expressions) mean the same thing to all people in all places at all times

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7
Q

paul eckman

A

added onto darwin’s universailty hypthesis by saying there are six basic universal emotions exist across cultures

found that these tribes also use the roughly 6 universal expressions

there is a genetic component to facial expression

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8
Q

6 basic emotions

A
  1. happy
  2. sad
  3. fear
  4. anger
  5. surprise
  6. disgust
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9
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A

eomotional expressions can cause emotional experiences

study showing that people holding a pencil in their mouths (forcing a smiling/happy facial expressions) rate situations as more funny than those who have a neutral facial expression

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10
Q

emotional contagion

A

phenomenon in which a person unconsciously mirrors emotion that others are expressing

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11
Q

theories of emotion - charles darwin

A

in 1872, said emotions are adaptive and emotional expressions serve as communication tools

  1. servicable associated habits: emotions serve a purpose, and they are habitual (a force of habit)
  2. principle of antithesis: opposite emotions have opposite bodily expression (an angry dog is stiff, presents themselves as large, a relaxed dog is
  3. direct actions of the nervous system on the body: trembling in response to excess fear AND laughter in response to unused excitement
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12
Q

jessica tracy (2014)

A
  • an evolutionary account of distinct emotions.

different emotions:
* serve different survival adaptations
* emotions evolved to serve specific purposes

distinct emotions have multpile components that unfold over time (behaviors, cognitions, feelings, phisology and hormones, peceptions of sensations, mon-verbal signals)

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13
Q

james lange theory (1884)

A

distinct emotions arise from distinct physiological arousal patterns in the body

Here is his proposed process of emotion:
1. perceive the phsyical stimulus -> stimulus perception leads to unique physiological arousal -> unique physiological arousal leads to identification of the emotional experience

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14
Q

cannon-bard theory (1927)

A

physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously

  1. perceive the stimulus in the environment
  2. receive the message at the thalamus, a subcortical brain structure
  3. then, we produce bodily changes and emotional experience/expression AT THE SAME TIME
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15
Q

two-factor theory (1962)

A

stimuli trigger a general state of physiological arousal, which is then interpreted as a specific emotion

Process:
1. event
2. arousal
3. label
4. emotion

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16
Q

specific emotions

fear

A

a basic, intense, emotion aroused by the detection of an imminent threat

motivates distress vocalizations - sounds, proeudced in the presence of painful, stressful, or threatening stimuli

17
Q

Urbach-Wiethe Disease

A

a disease where the amygdala gets calcified and fear becomes impossible

indicates the importance of the amygdala in emotion processing

18
Q

specific emotions

anger

A

basic, intense emotion characterized by:
* tension and hostility arising from frustration
* real or imagined injury by another
* perceived injustice

19
Q

catharsis hypothesis

A

express negative emotions produced a healthy release of those emotions

Research suggests this is false, that it increases anger and increases interpersonal conflicts, makes you more aggressive

20
Q

motivation

A

refers to the internal causes of purposeful behavior

21
Q

homeostasis

A

stable internal environment

upsetting homeostasis leads to drive, which is a motivation to relieve that different between your desired (homeostatic) state and your current upset state

22
Q

biological motivation

A

physiological needs necessary for survival

23
Q

hunger

A

the need to eat

regulated by the hypothalamus

24
Q

1 of 3 eating disorders

binge eating disorder

A

uncontrollable episodes of consuming a large amount of calories **in a short time **

the most common eating disorder in the world

25
Q

1 of 3 eating disorders

bulimia nervosa

A

uncontrollable consumption of a large number of calories, followed by a compensatory behavior

  • laxatives
  • excessive exercise

characterized by a lack of control

26
Q

1 of 3 eating disorders

anorexia nervosa

A

intense fear of being overweight.

Body dysmoprhia not being able to accurately judge body composition (excessively skinny people think they are overweight)

27
Q

psychological motivation

A

unique to humans

there are limitless forms of psychological motivation

28
Q

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

theory of motivation

5 layers:
1. physiological needs
2. safety needs
3. love and belonging
4. esteem
5. self-actualization

29
Q

approach motivation

A

motivation to experience positive outcomes

30
Q

avoidance motivation

A

motivation to avoid experiencing negative outcomes

31
Q

hedonic principle

A

people are primarily motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain

accomplish this via emotion regulation - strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience

32
Q

hedonic treadmill

A

tendency for happiness to return to a baseline despite positive and negative experiences

we have a baseline level of happiness and that is where we are going to stay

33
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

motivation to take actions that lead to reward, arisees from external factors

the action has a payoff

34
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding

arises from internal factors

the action is the payoff

35
Q

overjustification effect

A

when you do something that you find intrinsically rewarding, being extrinsically rewarded for it **decreases the intrinsic reward for it **

Radford University - Psych 121 (6 decks)

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