Chapter 15 Flashcards
original treating mental illness
trepanation
drilling a hole into one’s skull to release demons thought to be causing illness
original treating mental illness
prefrontal labotomy
used to treat severe cases of psychosis
biological treatment
treating the brain directly
psychopharmacology and psychactive substances
typical antipsychotics
medications used to treat psychotic disorders
typical antipsychotics focused on blocking dopamine receptors
good for reducing only positive symptoms
prolonged use of antipsychotics reduces the amount of brain as a whole. when you stay on these medications, other side effects may appear and need treatment with other drugs
a-typical antipsychotics
block dopamine AND serotonin receptors
these are better at reducing both positive and negative symptoms
antianxiety medications
drugs that help reduce a person’s experience with **fear and anxiety **
benzodiazepines and GABA system
benzodiazepines
bind to GABA receptors and act as GABA (inhibitory)
Valium, atvian, and Xanax
antidepressants
class of drugs that help lift people’s moods
many antidepressant medications are barely more effective than placebos
SSRIs
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
block the reuptake of serotonin, making serotonin available in synapse longer, which means that serotonin can continuously bind to the post-synaptic cell
prozac, zoloft, celexa, and paxil
mood stabilizers
attempt to stabilize mood, almost only prescribed for bipolar disorders
psychosurgery
the surgical destruction of specific brain areas
deep brain stimulation
used to induce electrical stimulation in the brain to help correct neurological deficiencies
used to treat parkinsons and severe depression
psychotherapy
an interaction between a sociall sanctioned clinician and someone suffering from a psychological problem, with the goal of providing supoort or relief from the problem
estimated to be over 500 total methods of psychotherapy, but around 20 methods are mostly used
types of psychotherapy
eclectic psychotherapy
involves drawing on techniques from different forms of therapy, depending on the client and the problem
types of psychotherapy
psychodynamic therapy
exploring childhood events and encourage individuals to use the understanding gained from the exploration to develop insight into their psychological problems
types of psychotherapy
interpersonal psychotherapy
a form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve **current relationships **
types of psychotherapy
humanistic therapy
goal is to reach one’s full potential
types of psychotherapy
client-centered approach
assumes that all individuals have a **tendency toward growth **and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance by and genuine reactions from the therapist
involves qualities of congruence, emapthy, and unconditional positive regard
involves nondirective leements and repetition
behavior therapy
disordered behavior is learned and that symptom relief is achieved through changing overt, maladaptive behaviors into more constructive behaviors
eliminating unwanted behaviors in behavior therapy
- using operant conditioning principles to **eliminate unwanted behaviors **
- promote desired behaviors - token economy involves giving clients “tokens” for desired behaviors that they can later trade for rewards
- reduce unwanted emotional responses - exposure therapy is an approach that involves confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, leading to a decrease in the emotional response
cognitive therapy
focuses on helping a client identify and **correct any distorted thinking about self, others, or the world **
use cognitive restructuring and reframing
goal is to change your cognitions/thoughts
cognitive reframing
teaches clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realistic positive beliefs
couples therapy
both members of a couple attend couples therapy
family therapy
used frequently with children
group therapy
uniting multiple participants with a similar problem to work on individual problems in a group atmosphere
the overlap in problems that participants face is why this form of therapy can be effective
