Chapter 8

Question 0

Nucleotide

Answer 0

Monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, ana a nitrogen - containing base

Question 1

Bacteriophage

Answer 1

Virus that infects bacteria

Question 2

Double Helix

Answer 2

Model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule, in which two strands wind around one another, to that of a twisted ladder

Question 3

Base pairing rules

Answer 3

Rule that describes how nucleotides form bonds in DNA; adenine always bonds with thymine and guanine always bonds with cytocine

Question 4

Replication

Answer 4

Process by which DNA is copied

Question 5

DNA polymerase

Answer 5

Enzyme that makes bonds between nucleotides, forming an identical strand of DNA during replication

Question 6

Central dogma

Answer 6

Theory that states that, in cells, info only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins

Question 7

Transcription

Answer 7

Process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA

Question 8

RNA polymerase

Answer 8

Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template

Question 9

Messenger RNA

Answer 9

Form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis

Question 10

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 10

RNA that is in the ribosome and guides that translation of mRNA into a protein; also used as a molecular clock

Question 11

Transfer RNA

Answer 11

Form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

Question 12

Translation

Answer 12

is the process that converts, or translates, an mRNA message into a polypeptide

Question 13

Codon

Answer 13

Sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid

Question 14

Stop codon

Answer 14

Codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation

Question 15

Start codon

Answer 15

Codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation; codes for the first amino acid in a protein

Question 16

anticodon

Answer 16

Set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation

Question 17

Promoter

Answer 17

Section of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds starting the transcription of mRNA

Question 18

Operon

Answer 18

Section of DNA that contains all of the code to begin transcription, regulate transcription and build a protein; includes a promoter, regulatory gene, and structural gene

Question 19

Exon

Answer 19

Sequence of DNA that codes info. for protein synthesis

Question 20

Intron

Answer 20

Segment of a gene that dosnt code for an amino acid

Question 21

Mutation

Answer 21

agent that can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in organisms

Question 22

Point mutation

Answer 22

Mutation that involves a substitution of only one nucleotide

Question 23

Frameshift mutation

Answer 23

Mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence

Question 24

Mutagen

Answer 24

Agent that can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in orgamisms