Chapter 6 Vocab

Question 0

Gametes

Answer 0

Are sex cells - ova, or eggs, in the female, and spermatozoa, or sperm cell in the male

Question 1

Somatic

Answer 1

Also called body cells make up most of your body tissues and organs except gametes

Question 2

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 2

Are two chromosomes

• one inherited from the mother, one from the father
• that have the same length and general appearance

Question 3

Autosomes

Answer 3

Chromosomes that contains genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism

Question 4

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 4

Directly control the development of sexual characteristics

Question 5

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 5

Involves the fusion of two gametes that result in offspring that are genetic mixture of both parents

Question 6

Fertilization

Answer 6

The fusion of an egg and a sperm cell

Question 7

Diploid

Answer 7

Cells have two copies of each chromosomes:

One copy from the mother and one from the father

Question 8

Haploid

Answer 8

Cells have only one copy of each chromosome

Question 9

Meiosis

Answer 9

A form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells

Question 10

Gametogenesis

Answer 10

The production of gametes

Question 11

Sperm

Answer 11

The male gamete

Question 12

Egg

Answer 12

Smaller than the sperm, female gamete

Question 13

Polar bodies

Answer 13

Cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down

Question 14

Traits

Answer 14

Are distinguishing characteristics that are inherited

Question 15

Genetics

Answer 15

The study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms

Question 16

Purebred

Answer 16

Type of organism whose ancestors are genetically uniform

Question 17

Cross

Answer 17

The mating of two organisms

Question 18

Law of segregation

Answer 18

Mendels first law, stating that

1. Organisms inherit two copies of genes, one from each parent, and
2. Organism donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes because the genes separate during gamete formation

Question 19

Gene

Answer 19

Piece of DNA that provided a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein

Question 20

Allele

Answer 20

Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus

Question 21

Homozygous

Answer 21

Alleles are identical to each other

Question 22

Heterozygous

Answer 22

Alleles are different from each other

Question 23

Genome

Answer 23

All of an organisms genetic material

Question 24

Genotype

Answer 24

Often focus on a single trait or set of traits, is all of an organisms genes typically refers to the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes

Question 25

Phenotype

Answer 25

The physical characteristics, or traits, of an individual organism make up

Question 26

Dominant

Answer 26

Allele is expressed when two different alleles are present

Question 27

Recessive

Answer 27

Allele is expressed only when two copies are present

Question 28

Monohybrid crosses

Answer 28

Cross or mate between organisms that involves only one pair of contrasting traits

Question 29

Testcross

Answer 29

A cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with recessive phenotype

Question 30

Dihybrid crosses

Answer 30

Crosses that examine the inheritance of two different traits

Question 31

Law of independent assortment

Answer 31

States that allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation, or meiosis

Question 32

Probability

Answer 32

The likelihood that a particular event will happen

Question 33

Crossing over

Answer 33

The exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 op meiosis 1

Question 34

Genetic Linkage

Answer 34

Genes located close together tend to be inherited together