Chapter 3

Question 0

Leeuwenhoek

Answer 0

Added to work of hooke (animalcules)

Question 1

Hooke

Answer 1

Discovered cells

Question 2

Schledien

Answer 2

Whole plant made of cell

Question 3

Schwann

Answer 3

Animales are made of cell

Question 4

Virchow

Answer 4

All cells come from other cell

Question 5

Cell theory

Answer 5

All living things are made of one or more cells
That cells are the basic units of structure and function of all organism
All cells arise from existing cells

Question 6

Cell size

Answer 6

Small cells function more efficiently than large cells

Question 7

Cell membrane

Answer 7

Outer boundary
Separates cytoplasm from environment
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

Region encased by cell membrane

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

Protein synthesis

Question 10

Dna

Answer 10

Deoxyribonucleic Acid
All cells have DNA 
Provide instructions for making proteins
Regulates cell activity 
Enables cell to reproduce

Question 11

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 11

Smallest and simplest forms of cells

Single celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other internal compartment (organelles)

Question 12

Aerobic

Answer 12

Need oxygen to live

Question 13

Anaerobic

Answer 13

Dont need oxygen to live

Question 14

Pili

Answer 14

Allows to hold on stuff

Question 15

Flagella

Answer 15

For movement

Question 16

Capsul

Answer 16

Extra protection

Question 17

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 17

An organism whose cells have a nucleus

Question 18

Nucleus

Answer 18

Internal compartment where DNA is housed

Question 19

Cilia

Answer 19

Short hairlike structure produced from the surface of some eukaryotic cells

Question 20

Functions of cilia

Answer 20

Allows cell to move

Move material across surface of a cell

Question 21

Cytoskeletone

Answer 21

Holds the cell together shape and support

Question 22

Ribosomes

Answer 22

Protein synthesis

Tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form protein

Question 23

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 23

Closely layered stacks of membrane enclosed spaces that process, sort, and diver protein

Question 24

Vesicles

Answer 24

Small membrane bound sac that divide som materials from the rest of cytoplasm and carries materials throughout cell

Question 25

Protein production in lumen

Answer 25

Piece of ER breaks off Forms a vesicle Protects protein while in transit to G.A.

Question 26

Mitochondria

Answer 26

``` Powerhouse of cells Supplies energy to cell Bean shaped 2 membranes DNA and ribosomes Trace heredity ```

Question 27

Vacuoles

Answer 27

Fluid filled sacs used for storage of things cells need

Question 28

Central vacuole

Answer 28

Unique to plant cells Single large vacuole takes up majority of space Filled with watery fluid that strengthens the cell and helps support the plant

Question 29

Why do plants wilt

Answer 29

Isnt enough water in each cells central vacuole to support the leaves structure

Question 30

Cytoskeleton network

Answer 30

Of proteins that form long threads or fibers the cross the cell

Question 31

3 main fibers

Answer 31

Microtubules Intermediate filaments Microfilament

Question 32

Microtubules

Answer 32

Give cell shape Acts as tracks that organelles travel on Cell division

Question 33

Intermediate filaments

Answer 33

Give cell strength | Smaller than microtubules

Question 34

Microfilament

Answer 34

Allows cell to move and divide Smallest fiber Muscle cells

Question 35

5 organelles involved in protien production

Answer 35

``` Nucleus ER Lysomes Centrisomes and Centrioles Cell wall Chloroplast ```

Question 36

Nuclear envelope

Answer 36

Double layer membrane

Question 37

Lumen

Answer 37

Maze inside ER of enclosed spaces

Question 38

Rough ER

Answer 38

Ribosomes attached to it | Protein production

Question 39

Smooth ER

Answer 39

No ribosomes attached | Lipids produced

Question 40

Lusomes

Answer 40

Contain enzymes Defend cell from bacteria and viruses Break down damaged or worned parts

Question 41

Enzymes made from

Answer 41

Protein

Question 42

Lysomal enzymes

Answer 42

``` Made in ER in inactive form Vesicles pinch of ER Carry enzymes to G.A. Activated a packaged as lysomes Pinch of G.A. ```

Question 43

Centrisomes

Answer 43

Small region of cytoplasm that produces microtubules

Question 44

Centrioles

Answer 44

Cylinder shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle 2 centrioles are perpendicular

Question 45

Cell wall

Answer 45

Rigid layer around cell membrane Protects, support and shape Plants algae fungi

Question 46

Plants and algae

Answer 46

Made of cellulose

Question 47

Fungi

Answer 47

Made of chitin

Question 48

Bacteria

Answer 48

Made of peptidoalucan

Question 49

Chloroplast

Answer 49

Carry out photosynthesis

Question 50

Types of passive transport

Answer 50

Diffusion and osmosis

Question 51

Passive transport

Answer 51

The movement of molecules across the cell membrane without the use of energy

Question 52

Diffusion

Answer 52

The movement of molecules in a fluid or gass from a region of high concentration to low (Movement from high to low concentration)

Question 53

Concentration

Answer 53

Number of molecules of a substance from one location to another

Question 54

Osmosis

Answer 54

Water molecules diffuse from high water concentration to low

Question 55

Isotonic

Answer 55

A solution is isotonic to a cell if it has the same dissolved particle concentration as the cell water molecule