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Biology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Leeuwenhoek

A

Added to work of hooke (animalcules)

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1
Q

Hooke

A

Discovered cells

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2
Q

Schledien

A

Whole plant made of cell

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3
Q

Schwann

A

Animales are made of cell

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4
Q

Virchow

A

All cells come from other cell

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5
Q

Cell theory

A

All living things are made of one or more cells
That cells are the basic units of structure and function of all organism
All cells arise from existing cells

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6
Q

Cell size

A

Small cells function more efficiently than large cells

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7
Q

Cell membrane

A

Outer boundary
Separates cytoplasm from environment
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Region encased by cell membrane

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9
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

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10
Q

Dna

A 
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
All cells have DNA 
Provide instructions for making proteins
Regulates cell activity 
Enables cell to reproduce
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11
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Smallest and simplest forms of cells

Single celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other internal compartment (organelles)

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12
Q

Aerobic

A

Need oxygen to live

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13
Q

Anaerobic

A

Dont need oxygen to live

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14
Q

Pili

A

Allows to hold on stuff

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15
Q

Flagella

A

For movement

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16
Q

Capsul

A

Extra protection

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17
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

An organism whose cells have a nucleus

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18
Q

Nucleus

A

Internal compartment where DNA is housed

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19
Q

Cilia

A

Short hairlike structure produced from the surface of some eukaryotic cells

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20
Q

Functions of cilia

A

Allows cell to move

Move material across surface of a cell

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21
Q

Cytoskeletone

A

Holds the cell together shape and support

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22
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

Tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form protein

23
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Closely layered stacks of membrane enclosed spaces that process, sort, and diver protein

24
Q

Vesicles

A

Small membrane bound sac that divide som materials from the rest of cytoplasm and carries materials throughout cell

25
Q

Protein production in lumen

A

Piece of ER breaks off
Forms a vesicle
Protects protein while in transit to G.A.

26
Q

Mitochondria

A 
Powerhouse of cells
Supplies energy to cell
Bean shaped 
2 membranes 
DNA and ribosomes
Trace heredity
27
Q

Vacuoles

A

Fluid filled sacs used for storage of things cells need

28
Q

Central vacuole

A

Unique to plant cells
Single large vacuole takes up majority of space
Filled with watery fluid that strengthens the cell and helps support the plant

29
Q

Why do plants wilt

A

Isnt enough water in each cells central vacuole to support the leaves structure

30
Q

Cytoskeleton network

A

Of proteins that form long threads or fibers the cross the cell

31
Q

3 main fibers

A

Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Microfilament

32
Q

Microtubules

A

Give cell shape
Acts as tracks that organelles travel on
Cell division

33
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Give cell strength

Smaller than microtubules

34
Q

Microfilament

A

Allows cell to move and divide
Smallest fiber
Muscle cells

35
Q

5 organelles involved in protien production

A 
Nucleus 
ER
Lysomes 
Centrisomes and Centrioles 
Cell wall 
Chloroplast
36
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Double layer membrane

37
Q

Lumen

A

Maze inside ER of enclosed spaces

38
Q

Rough ER

A

Ribosomes attached to it

Protein production

39
Q

Smooth ER

A

No ribosomes attached

Lipids produced

40
Q

Lusomes

A

Contain enzymes
Defend cell from bacteria and viruses
Break down damaged or worned parts

41
Q

Enzymes made from

A

Protein

42
Q

Lysomal enzymes

A 
Made in ER in inactive form
Vesicles pinch of ER 
Carry enzymes to G.A. 
Activated a packaged as lysomes 
Pinch of G.A.
43
Q

Centrisomes

A

Small region of cytoplasm that produces microtubules

44
Q

Centrioles

A

Cylinder shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle
2 centrioles are perpendicular

45
Q

Cell wall

A

Rigid layer around cell membrane
Protects, support and shape
Plants algae fungi

46
Q

Plants and algae

A

Made of cellulose

47
Q

Fungi

A

Made of chitin

48
Q

Bacteria

A

Made of peptidoalucan

49
Q

Chloroplast

A

Carry out photosynthesis

50
Q

Types of passive transport

A

Diffusion and osmosis

51
Q

Passive transport

A

The movement of molecules across the cell membrane without the use of energy

52
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of molecules in a fluid or gass from a region of high concentration to low
(Movement from high to low concentration)

53
Q

Concentration

A

Number of molecules of a substance from one location to another

54
Q

Osmosis

A

Water molecules diffuse from high water concentration to low

55
Q

Isotonic

A

A solution is isotonic to a cell if it has the same dissolved particle concentration as the cell water molecule

Biology (12 decks)

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