Chapter 8 Flashcards
Explain how cellular respiration is a catabolic process whereas photosynthesis is an anabolic process
What is the primary difference between light reactions and the Calvin cycle?
What cell structures are involved in photosynthesis
Describe the structure of the thylakoid membrane and how does it relate to the function of the chloroplast?
Anoxygenic
form of photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen
Oxygenic
form of photosynthesis that produces oxygen
Light-dependent reactions
Use energy in sunlight to make ATP
Reduce NADP+ to NADPH
Which reaction in photosynthesis involves two photosystems?
Light-dependent reactions
Light-independent reactions
Use ATP and NADPH from light-dependent reactions to produce organic molecules from CO2
Carbon fixation
formation of organic molecules from CO2
Thylakoid membrane
internal membrane of chloroplast
The thylakoid membrane is a phospholipid bilayer organized into __________.
Thylakoid disks
Grana
stacked columns of thylakoid disks
Stroma
What structure in the chloroplast is analogous with the matrix of the mitochondria?
Stroma
Pigments
molecules that absorb light in the visible range
Photon
particle of light
Photoelectric effect
T or F: Long wavelengths are more effective than short wavelengths in producing photoelectric effect
F: Short wavelengths are more effective than long wavelengths in producing photoelectric effect
Absorption spectrum
range and efficiency of photons a pigment is capable of absorbing
What do chlorophylls absorb and what do they reflect?
Absorb violet-blue and red light
Reflect green light
Chlorophyll a
Main photosynthetic pigment in plants and cyanobacteria
Chlorophyll b
Accessory pigment/secondary light-absorbing pigment
Describe the structure of a chlorophyll.
What do carotenoids absorb and what do they reflect?
Absorb blue and green light
Reflect orange and yellow light
Why is eating carrots good for your eyes?
They contain carotenoid B-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A
Vitamin A produces retinal (pigment used in vertebrate vision)
Functions of carotenoids
Act as an antioxidant
Photosystem consists of two components:
- Antenna complex (light-harvesting complex)
- Reaction center
Antenna complex
collects photons and feeds light energy to reaction center
Reaction center
transmembrane protein complex that receives energy from antenna complex
Where do photosystems occur?
Surface of thylakoid membrane
Photosystem I has an absorption peak of _____ nm
700
Photosystem II has an absorption peak of ____ nm
680
What does photosystem I do?
Passes electrons to reduce NADP+ to NADPH
What does photosystem II do?
Generates high-energy electrons to synthesize ATP
T or F: photosystem I comes before photosystem II
F: photosystem II comes before photosystem I
_____ carries electron pair from b6-f complex to photosystem I
Plastocyanin
The b6-f complex is similar to which complex in the ETC?
bc1 complex
