Chapter 5

Question 1

Passive transport

Answer 1

movement of substances across a cell’s membrane without expenditure of energy

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

Net movement of substances from regions of high concentration to regions of lower concentration

Question 3

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 3

diffusion of molecules or ions through carrier proteins or ion channels

Question 4

Channel proteins

Question 5

Carrier proteins

Answer 5

Membrane protein that binds to a molecule that cannot cross the membrane

Question 6

Ion channels

Answer 6

Membrane proteins that allow passage of ions through phospholipid bilayer

Question 7

Gated channels

Answer 7

Channel proteins that can be opened or closed in response to a stimulus

Question 8

______ ________ is diffusion facilitated by membrane proteins.

Answer 8

Facilitated diffusion

Question 9

Facilitated diffusion requires a ________ _______.

Answer 9

Concentration gradient

Question 10

Aqueous solution

Answer 10

Water-based solution

Question 11

Osmosis

Answer 11

Net diffusion of water across a membrane toward a higher solute concentration

Question 12

Osmosis and diffusion are the same except osmosis involves _______.

Answer 12

Water

Question 13

Concentration of all solutes in a solution determines the _______ ________.

Answer 13

Osmotic concentration

Question 14

Hypertonic

Answer 14

Solution with higher concentration of solutes than the cell

Question 15

Hypotonic

Answer 15

Solution with lower concentration of solutes than the cell

Question 16

Isotonic

Answer 16

Solution having the same concentration of solutes as the fell

Question 17

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 17

• Cytoplasm is hypertonic relative to extracellular fluid
• Water diffuses into cell —> cell swells
• Increases pressure of cytoplasm pushing on cell membrane

Question 18

Aquaporin

Answer 18

Membrane channel that allows water to cross the membrane more easily

Question 19

Osmotic pressure

Answer 19

Force needed to stop osmotic flow

Question 20

T or F: Active transport requires energy expenditure

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Sodium-potassium pump runs ______ on ATP.

Answer 21

Directly

Question 22

Cells use the Na+/K+ pump to create a high concentration of Na+ _______ the cell, and a high concentration of K+ _______ the cell.

Answer 22

Outside; inside

Question 23

Coupled transport uses ATP ________.

Answer 23

Indirectly

Question 24

Coupled transport

Answer 24

Uses energy releases as one molecule moves DOWN its concentration gradient to move a different molecule UP its gradient

Question 25

In _________, the plasma membrane envelops food particles and fluids

Answer 25

Endocytosis

Question 26

Endocytosis

Answer 26

Uptake of material into cells

Question 27

Three types of endocytosis:

Answer 27

1. Phagocytosis
2. Pinocytosis
3. Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 28

T or F: Endocytosis requires energy expenditure

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Phagocytosis

Answer 29

Uptake of a solid particle

Question 30

Pinocytosis

Answer 30

Process of fluid uptake

Question 31

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 31

Molecules bind to specific receptors in the plasma membrane

Question 32

Exocytosis

Answer 32

Discharge of material from vesicles at cell surface

Question 33

In plant cells, exocytosis is often used to…

Answer 33

Transport materials to build cell walls

Question 34

In animal cells, exocytosis is used to…

Answer 34

Secrete hormones, neurotransmitters, and digestive enzymes

Question 35

Channel proteins have a ________ interior.

Answer 35

Hydrophilic

Question 36

Ion channels have a _____ interior that spans the membrane.

Answer 36

Hydrated (polar)

Question 37

Rate of diffusion is limited by…

Answer 37

1. Concentration gradient (how concentrated solutes are)
2. Number of available carrier proteins

Question 38

Water diffuses OUT of a cell in a _______ solution.

Answer 38

Hypertonic

Question 39

In a hypertonic solution, the cytoplasm is _______ relative to extracellular fluid.

Answer 39

Hypotonic

Question 40

In coupled transport, glucose is brought ____ the fell with _____.

Answer 40

Into; Na+

Question 41

In ______ ________, molecules are moved against their concentration gradient by using the energy stored in a gradient of a different molecule.

Answer 41

Coupled transport

Question 42

In ______ ________, molecules are moved against their concentration gradient by using the energy stored in a gradient of a different molecule.

Answer 42

Coupled transport

Question 43

In ___________, fluid droplets are engulfed by membrane, which forms vesicles around them

Answer 43

Pinocytosis

Question 44

___________ is a type of endocytosis triggered by a specific receptor, forming clathrin-coated vesicles

Answer 44

Receptor-mediated endocytosis