Chapter 11

Question 1

Gametes

Answer 1

haploid reproductive cells (eggs and sperm)

Question 2

Somatic cells

Answer 2

nonreproductive cells

Question 3

Somatic and germ-line cells are ________.

Answer 3

diploid

Question 4

Zygote

Answer 4

diploid (2n) cell resulting from fusion of male and female gametes

Question 5

Fertilization (syngamy)

Answer 5

fusion of gametes to form a new cell

Question 6

Asexual reproduction

Answer 6

single individual is the sole parent and passes all copies of its genes without fusion of gametes

Question 7

Asexual reproduction gives rise to a _______

Answer 7

clone

Question 8

Mitosis has ____ round(s) of division and ____ round(s) of genome replication

Answer 8

2; 1

Question 9

Synapsis

Answer 9

homologous chromosomes becomes closely associated

Question 10

Synaptonemal complex

Answer 10

joins paired homologous

Question 11

Crossing over (genetic recombination)

Answer 11

homologues exchange chromosomal material

Question 12

Chiasmata

Answer 12

sites of crossing over

Question 13

Metaphase I

Answer 13

• pairs of homologues chromosomes align on metaphase plate
• both chromatids of one homologue are attached to kinetochore microtubules
• each homologue is attached to microtubules connecting to opposite poles

Question 14

Anaphase I

Answer 14

• Each pair of homologous chromosomes separates (sister chromatids remain attached)
• Homologues move toward opposite poles

Question 15

Prophase II

Answer 15

New spindle forms, nuclear envelope breaks donw

Question 16

Metaphase II

Answer 16

Kinetochores bind to sister chromatids -> migrate to the metaphase plate

Question 17

Anaphase II

Answer 17

• Cohesion complex joining centromeres is destroyed
• Sister chromatids separate, pulled to opposite poles

Question 18

Telophase II

Answer 18

Nuclear envelope reforms around daughter chromosomes

Question 18

Cytokinesis forms _____ daughter cells

Answer 18

haploid

Question 19

What are the four distinct features of meiosis?

Answer 19

1. Homologous pairing and crossing over
2. Sister chromatids remain connected and segregate together during anaphase I
3. Kinetochores of sister chromatids are attached to the same pole in Meiosis I and different pole in Meiosis II
4. DNA replication does not occur between the two meiotic divisions

Question 20

If the number of c’somes was not reduced prior to gamete formation, what would happen to the number of c’somes within the zygote?

Answer 20

If the number of chromosomes were not reduced prior to gamete formation (i.e., if meiosis did not occur), the number of chromosomes in the zygote would double.

Question 21

During Meiosis I, paired _____________ align on the metaphase plate.

Answer 21

Homologous chromosomes

Question 22

During Meiosis II, paired _____________ align on the metaphase plate.

Answer 22

sister chromatids

Question 23

Daughter cells at the end of Telophase I are haploid

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Gametes are __________________ and somatic cells are ___________________

Answer 24

Haploid, diploid

Question 25

Daughter cells at the end of Telophase II are haploid

Answer 25

True