Chapter 8 Flashcards
mere presence
proposition that the mere presence of others is sufficient to produce social facilitation effects
evaluation apprehension theory
theory that the presence of others as potential evaluators produces social facilitation effects
distraction conflict theory
theory that the presence of others as distractors produces social facilitation effects
group
set of individuals who interact over time and have shared fate, goals, or identity
group cohesiveness
extent to which forces push group members closer together
social facilitation
process whereby others’ presence enhances performance on easy tasks but impairs performance on difficult tasks
social loafing
group-produced reduction in individual output on tasks where contributions are pooled
collective effort model
idea that individuals will help with a collective task if their efforts will achieve outcomes
deindividuation
loss of a sense of individuality and reduction of normal constraints against deviant behavior
social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE)
model of group behavior that explains deindividuation effects resulting from a social identity shift
process loss
reduction in group performance due to obstacles created by group processes
process gain
increase in group performance so that the group outperforms the individuals
brainstorming
technique to increase creative idea production by encouraging group members to speak freely
group polarization
exaggeration of initial tendencies in the thinking of group members through group discussion
biased sampling
tendency for groups to spend more time discussing shared information than unshared information
