Chapter 10 Flashcards
diffusion of responsibility
belief that others will or should take the responsibility for helping a person in need
plurarlistic ignorance
people in a group mistakenly thinking that their individual thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are unique
audience inhibition
reluctance to help for fear of making a bad impression on observers
prosocial behavior
action intended to benefit others
kin selection
preferential helping of genetic relatives, resulting in greater likelihood that common genes will survive
reciprocal altruism
kindness that involves an individual helping another, becoming more likely to receive help in return
perspective taking
use of the imagination to see the world through another’s eyes
empathy
understanding or vicariously experiencing another individual’s perspective
negative state relief model
proposition that people help others in order to counteract their own feelings of sadness
courageous resistance
thoughtful helping in the face of potentially enormous costs
egoistic
descriptor of one motivated by the desire to improve his or her own welfare
altruistic
descriptor of one motivated by the desire to improve another’s welfare
empathy–altruism hypothesis
proposition that empathic concern for a person in need produces an altruistic motive for helping
bystander effect
effect whereby the presence of others inhibits helping
reluctant altruism
kind behavior that results from pressure from peers or other sources of direct social influence
