Chapter 8

Question 1

concepts

Answer 1

way of grouping objects. allow us to relate each object, event or idea

Question 2

5 basic elements of a concept

Answer 2

distinctive features, protoype, exemplars, schemas, simplicity

Question 3

distinctive features

Answer 3

defining attributes

Question 4

prototype

Answer 4

image that captures the essence of concept, best representative of its category

Question 5

exemplars

Answer 5

our actual memories of the concept in episodic memory

Question 6

schemas

Answer 6

abstract knowledge structures, organize a vast amount of info, recognize a concept, set pattern of thinking/behaving

Question 7

script

Answer 7

schemas about familiar activies

Question 8

simplicity

Answer 8

when confronted w/an example, we reduce the simplest category or rule that would cover all examples

Question 9

language

Answer 9

system of symbols & the rules for combining these symbols that generate an infinite number of messages and meanings

Question 10

5 components of language

Answer 10

phoneme, morpheme, words, words + phrases, pragmatics

Question 11

phoneme

Answer 11

smallest/basic units of sound affecting speech

Question 12

morpheme

Answer 12

smallest unit of language that has meaning

Question 13

words

Answer 13

made up of morphemes

Question 14

phrases & sentences

Answer 14

made up of words, syntax becomes important

Question 15

pragmatics

Answer 15

social conventions of language, use of language in social settings

Question 16

birth-2 mo

Answer 16

crying

Question 17

2-5 mo

Answer 17

cooing

Question 18

6-12 mo

Answer 18

babbling

Question 19

10-12 mo

Answer 19

can understand several words, comprehension v expressive language, use of non-verbals

Question 20

12 mo

Answer 20

1st recognizable word, 1-word speech, holophrases, under/overproduction

Question 21

holophrases

Answer 21

using 1 word to communicate a whole sentence

Question 22

overextension

Answer 22

overusing the meaning of a word

Question 23

underextension

Answer 23

underusing the meaning of a word

Question 24

18 mo

Answer 24

vocab expands dramatically, first sentence

Question 25

36 mo

Answer 25

expansion includes changes in syntax, syntactical development, overgeneralization/overregulation, begin to form complex sentences

Question 26

T or F: You acquire most grammar rules by age 7.

Answer 26

F, age 5

Question 27

Infant Directed Speech

Answer 27

aka baby talk

Question 28

How is language acquired?

Answer 28

conditioning & modeling