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Psychology 201 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

intelligence

A

the ability to acquire knowledge, to think and reason effectively, to deal adaptively with the environment

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2
Q

3 theories of intelligence

A

Spearman’s, Cattell’s, & Gardner’s

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3
Q

Spearman’s Theory

A

used factor analysis, scores on almost all tests of cognitive abilities were positively correlated. thus, people doing well on 1 test also tended to do well on all of the others. correlations were created by general cognitive abilites (general intellingence)

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4
Q

g factor

A

general intelligence

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5
Q

Cattell’s Theory

A

suggested two kinds of g-factors

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6
Q

2 kinds of g-factors

A

fluid & crystallized abilities

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7
Q

fluid intelligence

A

basic problem solving & reasoning, ability to deal with novel problem-solving situations, innate, inherited reasoning abilities, memory and speed of info processing

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8
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

specific knowledge gained by using/applying fluid intelligence, ability to apply previously applied knowledge, verbal (experience, education, environment)

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9
Q

Gardner’s Theory

A

Multiple Intelligences

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10
Q

8 multiple intelligences

A

linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, body-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic

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11
Q

Alfred Binet

A

developed first IQ test

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12
Q

Binet’s test

A

30-item test given to students who were candidates for the special classes based on teacher recommendation. Test measured child’s mental age, compared test scores to chronological age & believed MA should equal CA. used a difference score to determine if students were candidates for special classes

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13
Q

difference score

A

MA-CA = -2 years or more

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14
Q

William Stern

A

challenged the psychometrics of the Binet test, looked at intelligence in terms of a ratio of mental age

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15
Q

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A

IQ=(MA/CA) * 100

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16
Q

Terman

A

used Stern’s view of intelligence as a ratio, revised original Binet test and came up with Stanford-Binet

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17
Q

2 modern types of IQ tests

A

individual (1 group to 1 examiner) and group (many examinees, pencil and paper)

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18
Q

T or F: We still use mental age in IQ tests

A

F

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19
Q

Using the normal curve with IQ, what is the mean and std dev for IQ?

A

mean IQ: 100, standard deviation: 15 or 16

20
Q

2 most widely-used individual IQ tests

A

Stanford-Binet and Weschler

21
Q

Stanford-Binet test

A

gold standard for measuring intelligence in the 1920s. contains mostly verbal items, performance items were included.

22
Q

David Weschler challenged Stanford-Binet test because it relied too much on [blank].

A

verbal skills

23
Q

3 Weschler tests

A

WPPSI, WISC & WAIS

24
Q

WPPSI

A

test for children 3-7 yo

25
Q

WISC

A

test for children 6-17 yo

26
Q

WAIS

A

test for kids of 16 up to adulthood

27
Q

Group intelligence tests for WWI recruits

A

Army Alpha and Army Beta tests

28
Q

psychometric standards (3)

A

reliability, validity, and standardization

29
Q

2 types of reliability

A

Test-Retest and Parallel-Forms

30
Q

reliability

A

consistently yields same results, testing results should be correlated

31
Q

test-retest reliability

A

consistency of measurement over time, assessed by administering the measure to the same group of participants on 2 or more separate occasions and correlating the sets of scores

32
Q

parallel-forms reliability

A

(aka alternate forms, equivalent forms) 2 versions of the test; given on 2 occasions, results should correlate

33
Q

Validity

A

test measures what it says it measures, and well. test resuls should be correlated

34
Q

content validity

A

whether the items on a test measure all the knowledge/ skills that are assumed to underlie the construct of interest, not statistical; experts in field

35
Q

criterion-related validity

A

the ability of test scores to correlate with meaningful criterion measures, test should predict present/future outcomes that are influenced by the construct being measured, predictive, concurrent

36
Q

concurrent

A

the external criterion is available at the time of testing

37
Q

Standardization

A

involves development of norms, rigorously controlled testing procedures, instructions- also a set procedure for administering, scoring and interpreting the test

38
Q

Top 2% of people in normal curve

A

gifted

39
Q

Bottom 2% of people in normal curve

A

mentally disabled

40
Q

intellectually gifted

A

IQ of 130 or higher, places them in top 2% of population, gifted is defined in terms of academic talent

41
Q

mental retardation

A

developmentally delayed, low IQ, low adaptive behavior skills

42
Q

4 levels of mental retardation (based on IQ scores)

A

mild, moderate, severe and profound

43
Q

mild MR

A

IQ= 69-54, ABS: sixth grade level, can marry, maintain family, unskilled jobs

44
Q

moderate MR

A

IQ= 54-35, ABS: second grade level (4-7 yo), can live with family

45
Q

severe MR

A

IQ= 34-20, ABS: basic levels, can communicate vocally; lots of training

46
Q

profound MR

A

IQ= < 20, ABS: constant supervision, mental age < 3 yo, v. limited communication

Psychology 201 (8 decks)

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