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Psychology 201 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

memory

A

the power to recall that which has already been learned

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2
Q

3 stages of memory

A

encoding, storage, retrieval

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3
Q

encoding

A

must be coded in order to be communicated to the brain

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4
Q

how do you put info into your memory system?

A

through the 5 basic senses

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5
Q

storage

A

maintaining info in the memory system over time

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6
Q

2 parts of storage

A

capacity & duration

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7
Q

retrieval

A

locating/recalling info stored in memory

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8
Q

2 parts of retrieval

A

recall & recognition

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9
Q

recall

A

retrieve from memory w/o much help

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10
Q

recognition

A

aided by clues

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11
Q

information processing approach

A

earliest most influential and most comprehensive model of memory. info must pass through 3 stages of mental processing resulting in 3 types of memory.

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12
Q

3 types of memory

A

sensory, working & long term

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13
Q

sensory memory encoding

A

hold info for mental processing, based on 5 basic senses, have a register for each sense

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14
Q

what senses do we know the most about?

A

icons (looks) and echoes (sounds)

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15
Q

sensory memory capacity

A

limited quantity of info

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16
Q

sensory memory duration

A

extremely brief - less than or equal to 1 to 2 secs. echoes linger longer than icons.

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17
Q

sensory memory retrieval

A

once it’s gone, it’s gone

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18
Q

Decay theory (Theory of Forgetting)

A

If you don’t use it, you lose it.

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19
Q

Selective attention (cognitive process)

A

focuses on information, concentrate on it for transfer to working memory

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20
Q

Working memory

A

part of memory system that allows us to mentally work with or manipulate info

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21
Q

T or F: short-term memory is a component of working memory

A

T

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22
Q

working memory encoding

A

uses 5 basic senses

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23
Q

acoustic encoding

A

sounds like. even when presented visually, people tend to make more acoustic mistakes

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24
Q

visual encoding

A

looks like, fades more quickly

25
Q

working memory capacity

A

limited.

26
Q

The average adult can hold [blank] items/chunks of information.

A

7 +/- 2 (5-9)

27
Q

working memory duration

A

lasts about 18-20 seconds w/o rehearsal

28
Q

rehearsal (cognitive process)

A

transfer to LTM.

29
Q

Elaborative rehearsal is better than [blank] rehearsal.

A

maintenance (rote)

30
Q

chunking

A

meaningful groups of information

31
Q

automaticity

A

knowing info so well, it becomes automatic

32
Q

retrieval

A

recalling info from working memory

33
Q

displacement

A

new info comes in to replace the old

34
Q

attention

A

move info from SM to STM

35
Q

maintenance/rote rehearsal

A

just repeating info over as given

36
Q

elaborative rehearsal

A

give it meaning; repeat. relate it to something in LTM

37
Q

2 types of long term memory

A

declarative and non-declaritive

38
Q

declarative memory

A

includes factual memory

39
Q

non-declarative memory

A

knowledge for acquired behaviors, non-verbal

40
Q

2 types of declarative memory

A

semantic & episodic

41
Q

semantic declarative memory

A

meaning, generalized knowledge, dictionary-type info

42
Q

episodic declarative memory

A

memory for an event as it happened, personal events, diary-type info

43
Q

procedural non-declarative memory

A

procedure, how-to, motor memory

44
Q

working memory encoding - 2 levels

A

surface & deep

45
Q

working memory surface coding

A

5 basic senses: structural (looks), phonolgoical (sounds)

46
Q

working memory deep coding

A

semantic

47
Q

semantic coding

A

menaing

48
Q

working memory storage

A

virtually unlimited storage capacity and duration

49
Q

working memory retrieval

A

connection b/w storage and retrieval, recall from memory

50
Q

Why do we forget? 5 reasons

A

decay/fading theory, retroactive inhibition, proactive inhibition, motivated forgetting, brain damage

51
Q

retroactive inhibition

A

old info is displaced by newer info. new info blocks recall of earlier learned info

52
Q

proactive inhibition

A

new info is not encoded–older info is in the way, earlier learned info blocks the recall of new info

53
Q

motivated forgetting

A

forget because it is too painful to remember

54
Q

2 types of brain damage

A

anterrograde & retrograde

55
Q

anterrograde amnesia

A

loss of memory for any event that occurs after a brain injury, can’t form new memories

56
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

a loss of memory for events prior to a brain injury

57
Q

4 strategies for improving memory

A

method of Loci, acronyms, rhyming, keyword

58
Q

method of Loci

A

associate images of info w/places you know

Psychology 201 (8 decks)

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