Chapter 8

Question 1

At least one drink in the past 30 days; can include binge and heavy use

Answer 1

Current drinkers

Question 2

A pattern of drinking five or more drinks for men and four or more drinks for women on a single occasion such as at the same time or within two hours of each other on at least one day in the past 30 days; includes heavy use

Answer 2

Binge alcohol users

Question 3

Five or more drinks on the same occasion on each of five or more days in the past 30 days or consuming an average of more than one alcoholic beverage per day for women and an average of more than two alcoholic beverages per day for men and any drinking by pregnant women or underage youth

Answer 3

Heavy alcohol users

Question 4

Individuals who drink no alcoholic beverages whatsoever; a term in common usage in decades past; today, they are referred to as abstainers

Answer 4

Teetotalers

Question 5

Small, often backroom bars where alcoholic beverages were illegally consumed and sold during the Prohibition era from 1920 to 1933 (in some states, Prohibition was longer than this period of time)

Answer 5

Speakeasies

Question 6

Making, distributing, and selling alcoholic beverages during the Prohibition era

Answer 6

Bootlegging

Question 7

The ingredients in these uncontrolled “medicines” were secret, often consisting of large amounts of colored water, alcohol, cocaine, or opiates

Answer 7

Patent medicines

Question 8

A medical condition consisting of a physical and psychological addiction to ethanol (alcohol), a psychoactive substance

Answer 8

Alcoholism

Question 9

Uncontrollable drinking that leads to alcohol craving, loss of control, and physical dependence but with less prominent characteristics than found in alcoholism

Answer 9

Alcohol abuse

Question 10

A chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences. In DSM-5, this disorder is further subdivided as mild, moderate, or severe

Answer 10

Alcohol use disorder (AUD)

Question 11

Cultures in which alcohol is integrated into daily life and activities (e.g., is consumed with meals) and is widely available and accessible (e.g., European countries bordering the Mediterranean have traditionally exemplified wet cultures)

Answer 11

Wet cultures

Question 12

Cultures in which alcohol consumption is not as common during everyday activities (e.g., it is less frequently a part of meals) and access to alcohol is more restricted; abstinence is more common (e.g., Scandinavian countries, the United States, and Canada)

Answer 12

Dry cultures

Question 13

Behavior exhibited while under the direct influence of alcohol; determined by the norms and expectations of a particular culture

Answer 13

Drunken comportment

Question 14

A psychoactive chemical that depresses thought and judgement functions in the cerebral cortex, which has the effect of allowing relatively unrestrained behavior (as in alcohol inebriation)

Answer 14

Disinhibitor

Question 15

Set refers to the individual’s expectation of what a drug will do to his or her personality; setting is the physical and social environments where the drug is consumed

Answer 15

Set and setting

Question 16

Acting drunk even before alcohol has had a chance to cause its effects

Answer 16

Pseudointoxicated

Question 17

Unplanned and unwanted forced sexual attack from a friend or a date partner

Answer 17

Acquaintance and date rape

Question 18

Behavior displayed by either addicted or nonaddicted family members (codependents) who identify with the alcohol addict and cover up the excessive drinking behavior, allowing it to continue and letting it affect the codependent’s life

Answer 18

Codependency

Question 19

Those close to the alcohol addict who deny or make excuses for enabling his or her excessive drinking

Answer 19

Enablers

Question 20

Returning to the use of alcohol after quitting

Answer 20

Relapsing syndrome

Question 21

Symptoms that occur when an individual who is addicted to alcohol doesn’t maintain his or her usual blood alcohol level

Answer 21

Acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Question 22

The most severe, even life-threatening, form of alcohol withdrawal, involving hallucinations, delirium, and fever

Answer 22

Delirium tremens (DTs)

Question 23

Family therapy system developed by Jacques Moreno in which significant interpersonal and intrapersonal issues are enacted in a focused setting using dramatic techniques

Answer 23

Psychodrama

Question 24

Therapeutic technique in which group members play assigned parts to elicit emotional reactions

Answer 24

Role-playing

Question 25

A family therapy technique that records information about behavior and relationships on a type of family tree to elucidate persistent patterns of dysfunctional behavior

Answer 25

Genogram

Question 26

A psychiatric syndrome in which an individual who has been exposed to a traumatic event or situation experiences persistent psychological stress that may manifest itself in a wide range of symptoms, including reexperiencing the trauma, numbing of general responsiveness, and hyperarousal

Answer 26

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)