Chapter 7

Question 1

Biochemical process through which yeast converts sugar to alcohol

Answer 1

Fermentation

Question 2

Alcoholic beverage made from fermented honey

Answer 2

Mead

Question 3

Heating fermented mixtures of cereal grains or fruits in a still to evaporate and be trapped as purified alcohol

Answer 3

Distillation

Question 4

Belief that drinking (misconceived as safe) represses inhibitions, strengthens extroversion, and leads to increased sociablility

Answer 4

Social lubricant

Question 5

Wood alcohol

Answer 5

Methyl alcohol

Question 6

Alcohol used as antifreeze

Answer 6

Ethylene glycol

Question 7

Rubbing alcohol; sometimes used as an antiseptic

Answer 7

Isopropyl alochol

Question 8

Drug that blocks sensitivity to pain

Answer 8

Anesthetic

Question 9

Concentration of alcohol found in the blood, often expressed as a percentage

Answer 9

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)

Question 10

Principal enzyme that metabolizes ethanol

Answer 10

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 11

Compensation for motor impairments through behavioral pattern modification by chronic alcohol users

Answer 11

Behavioral tolerance

Question 12

Concurrent use of multiple drugs

Answer 12

Polydrug use

Question 13

Loss of conditioned reflexes because of depression of the brain’s inhibitory centers

Answer 13

Disinhibition

Question 14

Drug or substance that increases the production of urine

Answer 14

Diuretic

Question 15

Situation in which liver cells increase the production of fat, resulting in an enlarged liver

Answer 15

Hepatotoxic effect

Question 16

Second stage of alcohol-induced liver disease in which chronic inflammation occurs; reversible if alcoholic consumption ceases

Answer 16

Alcoholic hepatitis

Question 17

Scarring of the liver and formation of fibrous tissues; results from alcohol use; irreversible

Answer 17

Cirrhosis

Question 18

Congestive heart failure resulting from the replacement of heart muscle with fat and fiber

Answer 18

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy

Question 19

Psychotic condition connected with heavy alcohol use and associated vitamin deficiencies

Answer 19

Wernicke-Korsakoff’s syndrome

Question 20

Condition affecting children born to alcohol-consuming mothers that is characterized by facial deformities, growth deficiency, and mental retardation

Answer 20

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)