Chapter 5

Question 1

Unintended drug responses

Answer 1

Side effects

Question 2

Unpleasant effects that occur when use of a drug is stopped

Answer 2

Withdrawal

Question 3

Correlation between the amount of a drug given and its effects

Answer 3

Dose-response

Question 4

Changes in the body that decrease responses to a given drug even though the dose remains the same

Answer 4

Tolerance

Question 5

Range in dose between the amount of drug necessary to cause a therapeutic effect and that needed to create a toxic effect

Answer 5

Margin of safety

Question 6

Amount of drug necessary to cause an effect

Answer 6

Potency

Question 7

Capacity of one drug to damage or cause adverse effects in the body

Answer 7

Toxicity

Question 8

When the presence of one drug alters the action of another drug

Answer 8

Drug interactions

Question 9

Effects created when drugs cancel one another

Answer 9

Antagonistic interactions

Question 10

Effects created when drugs are similar and actions are added together

Answer 10

Additive interactions

Question 11

Ability of one drug to enhance the effect of another; also called potentiation

Answer 11

Synergism

Question 12

The study of factors that influence the distribution and concentration of drugs in the body

Answer 12

Pharmacokinetics

Question 13

The act of inhaling and exhaling drug-containing aerosol or vapor from electric devices

Answer 13

Vaping

Question 14

Drug injection into a vein

Answer 14

Intravenous (IV)

Question 15

Drug injection into a muscle

Answer 15

Intramuscular (IM)

Question 16

Drug injection beneath the skin

Answer 16

Subcutaneous (SC)

Question 17

Selective filtering between the cerebral blood vessels and the brain

Answer 17

Blood-brain barrier

Question 18

Minimum drug dose necessary to cause an effect

Answer 18

Threshold dose

Question 19

Maximum drug effect regardless of dose

Answer 19

Plateau effect

Question 20

Immediate or short-term effects after taking a single drug dose

Answer 20

Acute

Question 21

Long-term effects, usually after taking multiple drug doses

Answer 21

Chronic

Question 22

Buildup of a drug in the body after multiple doses taken at short intervals

Answer 22

Cumulative effect

Question 23

Time required for the body to eliminate or metabolize half of a drug dose

Answer 23

Half-life

Question 24

Process of changing the chemical properties of a drug, usually by metabolism

Answer 24

Biotransformation

Question 25

Chemical alteration of drugs by body processes

Answer 25

Metabolism

Question 26

Chemical products of metabolism

Answer 26

Metabolites

Question 27

Something that causes physical defects in a fetus

Answer 27

Teratogenic

Question 28

Physiological and psychological changes or adaptations that occur in response to the frequent administration of a drug

Answer 28

Dependence

Question 29

Enhanced response to a given drug dose; opposite of tolerance

Answer 29

Reverse tolerance

Question 30

Development of tolerance to one drug causes tolerance to related drugs

Answer 30

Cross-tolerance

Question 31

Form of withdrawal; paradoxical effects that occur when a drug has been eliminated from the body

Answer 31

Rebound effect

Question 32

Dependence on a drug can be relieved by other similar drugs

Answer 32

Cross-dependence

Question 33

Dependence that results because a drug produces pleasant mental effects

Answer 33

Psychological dependence

Question 34

The collection of psychological and environmental factors that influence an individual’s response to drugs

Answer 34

Mental set

Question 35

Effects caused by suggestion and psychological factors independent of the pharmacological activity of a drug

Answer 35

Placebo effects

Question 36

Characterized by unpleasant mental effects; the opposite of euphoric

Answer 36

Dysphoric