Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Unintended drug responses

A

Side effects

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2
Q

Unpleasant effects that occur when use of a drug is stopped

A

Withdrawal

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3
Q

Correlation between the amount of a drug given and its effects

A

Dose-response

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4
Q

Changes in the body that decrease responses to a given drug even though the dose remains the same

A

Tolerance

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5
Q

Range in dose between the amount of drug necessary to cause a therapeutic effect and that needed to create a toxic effect

A

Margin of safety

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6
Q

Amount of drug necessary to cause an effect

A

Potency

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7
Q

Capacity of one drug to damage or cause adverse effects in the body

A

Toxicity

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8
Q

When the presence of one drug alters the action of another drug

A

Drug interactions

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9
Q

Effects created when drugs cancel one another

A

Antagonistic interactions

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10
Q

Effects created when drugs are similar and actions are added together

A

Additive interactions

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11
Q

Ability of one drug to enhance the effect of another; also called potentiation

A

Synergism

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12
Q

The study of factors that influence the distribution and concentration of drugs in the body

A

Pharmacokinetics

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13
Q

The act of inhaling and exhaling drug-containing aerosol or vapor from electric devices

A

Vaping

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14
Q

Drug injection into a vein

A

Intravenous (IV)

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15
Q

Drug injection into a muscle

A

Intramuscular (IM)

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16
Q

Drug injection beneath the skin

A

Subcutaneous (SC)

17
Q

Selective filtering between the cerebral blood vessels and the brain

A

Blood-brain barrier

18
Q

Minimum drug dose necessary to cause an effect

A

Threshold dose

19
Q

Maximum drug effect regardless of dose

A

Plateau effect

20
Q

Immediate or short-term effects after taking a single drug dose

A

Acute

21
Q

Long-term effects, usually after taking multiple drug doses

A

Chronic

22
Q

Buildup of a drug in the body after multiple doses taken at short intervals

A

Cumulative effect

23
Q

Time required for the body to eliminate or metabolize half of a drug dose

A

Half-life

24
Q

Process of changing the chemical properties of a drug, usually by metabolism

A

Biotransformation

25
Q

Chemical alteration of drugs by body processes

A

Metabolism

26
Q

Chemical products of metabolism

A

Metabolites

27
Q

Something that causes physical defects in a fetus

A

Teratogenic

28
Q

Physiological and psychological changes or adaptations that occur in response to the frequent administration of a drug

A

Dependence

29
Q

Enhanced response to a given drug dose; opposite of tolerance

A

Reverse tolerance

30
Q

Development of tolerance to one drug causes tolerance to related drugs

A

Cross-tolerance

31
Q

Form of withdrawal; paradoxical effects that occur when a drug has been eliminated from the body

A

Rebound effect

32
Q

Dependence on a drug can be relieved by other similar drugs

A

Cross-dependence

33
Q

Dependence that results because a drug produces pleasant mental effects

A

Psychological dependence

34
Q

The collection of psychological and environmental factors that influence an individual’s response to drugs

A

Mental set

35
Q

Effects caused by suggestion and psychological factors independent of the pharmacological activity of a drug

A

Placebo effects

36
Q

Characterized by unpleasant mental effects; the opposite of euphoric

A

Dysphoric