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HE 123 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical messengers released into the blood by glands

A

Hormones

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2
Q

Relating to the brain, spinal cord, neurons, and their associated elements

A

Nervous system

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3
Q

Relating to hormones, their functions, and sources

A

Endocrine system

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4
Q

Maintenance of internal stability; often biochemical in nature

A

Homeostasis

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5
Q

Specialized nerve cells that make up the nervous system and release neurotransmitters

A

Neurons

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6
Q

Supporting cells that are critical for protecting and providing sustenance to the neurons

A

Glia

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7
Q

Extension of the neuronal cell body along which electrochemical signals travel

A

Axon

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8
Q

Special proteins in a membrane that are activated by natural substances or drugs to alter cell function

A

Receptors

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9
Q

Receptors activated by opioid narcotic drugs such as heroin and morphine

A

Opiate receptors

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10
Q

Neurotransmitters that have narcotic-like effects

A

Endorphins

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11
Q

Biological target of tetrahydrocannabinol in marijuana

A

Cannabinoid system

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12
Q

Naturally occurring fatty-acid neurotransmitter that selectively activates cannabinoid receptors

A

Anandamide

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13
Q

Type of substance that activates a receptor

A

Agonistic

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14
Q

Type of substance that blocks a receptor

A

Antagonistic

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15
Q

Receptor type activated by acetylcholine (ACh); usually inhibitory

A

Muscarinic

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16
Q

Receptor type activated by acetylcholine (ACh); usually excitatory

A

Nicotinic

17
Q

Class of biochemical compounds, including the transmitters norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine

A

Catecholamines

18
Q

Agents that mimic the effects of norepinephrine or epinephrine

A

Sympathomimetic

19
Q

One of the major divisions of the nervous system; composed of the brain and spinal cord

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

20
Q

Includes the neurons outside the CNS

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

21
Q

Agents that antagonize the effects of acetylcholine

A

Anticholinergic

22
Q

Part of the CNS limbic system and a critical brain region for reward systems

A

Nucleus accumbens

23
Q

Cortical region essential for information processing and decision making

A

Frontal cortex

24
Q

Controls the unconscious functions of the body

A

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

25
Q

Hormones related to the corticosteroids released from the adrenal cortex

A

Steroids

26
Q

Male sex hormones

A

Androgens

27
Q

Compounds chemically similar to steroids that stimulate production of tissue mass

A

Anabolic steroids

HE 123 (10 decks)

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