Chapter 8

Question 1

Whenever you grasp a stretcher or backboard, your hands should be at least 10 inches (25 cm) apart.
TrueFalse

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Lifting by extending the properly placed flexed legs is the most powerful way to lift and is called an emergency move.
TrueFalse

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A power grip involves grasping a stretcher or backboard with the hand placed palm down over the handle.
TrueFalse

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Backboards are commonly used for patients who are found lying down.
TrueFalse

Answer 4

True

Question 5

With a [BLANK], one provider must walk backward.

Answer 5

two-person carry

Question 6

You are called to a scene where a 40-year-old man was clearing trees in a remote area and was struck by a falling tree. When you arrive, he is conscious but the tree is laying across his lower legs. How should you remove the victim once the tree is removed?

Power lift
Clothes drag
Extremity lift
Direct lift

Answer 6

Direct lift

Question 8

When lifting a backboard, you should use which of the following?

Lateral lift
Diamond carry
Dead lift
Power lift

Answer 8

Diamond carry

Question 8

When lifting the patient, which of the following describes proper body mechanics?

Hold your back in an upright position.
Keep your feet close together.
Bend as far forward at the hips as possible.
Extend your arms out as far as possible.

Answer 8

Hold your back in a upright position.

Question 8

The scoop stretcher is also known as what?

Orthopaedic stretcher
Flexible litter
Basket litter
Ambulance stretcher

Answer 8

Orthopaedic stretcher

Question 8

To avoid the strain of unnecessary lifting and carrying, which of the following should you use when moving a patient from the ground onto a stretcher?

Draw sheet method
Direct carry
Extremity lift
Stair chair

Answer 8

Draw sheet method

Question 9

You are dispatched to a house where an 80-year-old woman has fallen in an upstairs bathroom and hit her head on the sink. When you arrive she is unconscious. Which is the best equipment to move her to the ambulance?

Stair chair
Backboard
Stretcher
Stokes litter

Answer 9

Backboard

Question 10

When carrying a patient down a flight of stairs on a backboard, which person should be at the head end of the backboard?

Jerry, who is 6′2″ and strong
Tina, who is 5′4″ and is the most flexible of the team
Tom, who is 5′10″ and has average upper body strength and superior lower body strength
Doug, who is 5′8″ and a weightlifter

Answer 10

Doug, who is 5’8” and a weightlifter

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of an urgent move?

Extremity lift
Rapid extrication technique
Clothes drag
One-person walking assist

Answer 11

Rapid extrication technique

Question 12

You are responding to an accident where a 25-year-old female fell 15 feet while rock climbing. The terrain is steep and there is not much space to work. Which device should you use?

Scoop stretcher
Vacuum mattress
Flexible stretcher
Kendrick extrication device (KED)

Answer 12

Flexible stretcher

Question 13

You are transporting a 50-year-old patient who reports respiratory distress but has no other indications of other injury or illness. What is the best position in which to place this patient?

Immobilized
Fowler/semi-Fowler
Supine
Recovery

Answer 13

Fowler/semi-Fowler

Question 14

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated in his car. There are no scene hazards. As you approach the vehicle, you note that the patient is semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should:
Select one:
A. direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient’s head.
B. apply a cervical collar and quickly remove the patient with a clothes drag.
C. apply a vest-style extrication device before attempting to move the patient.
D. slide a long backboard under his buttocks and lay him sideways on the board.

Answer 14

A. direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient’s head.

Question 15

To protect a restrained patient and prevent him from using leverage to break free, the EMT should secure __________.
Select one:
A. both arms above the head
B. both arms at the patient’s sides
C. only the patient’s torso
D. one arm above the head

Answer 15

D. one arm above the head

Question 16

You have been called to the scene of a high-speed motor vehicle collision involving two compact cars. The first vehicle was a roll-over, ejecting the driver. The second vehicle contained both a driver and a front-seat passenger who cannot be reached because the door is up against a building. For the passenger in the second vehicle, you may need to perform a(n) _____ on the driver in order to reach the patient.
Select one:
A. extremity lift
B. emergency move
C. short backboard
D. You should do nothing different; treat each patient the same.

Answer 16

B. emergency move

Question 17

When moving a conscious, weak patient down a flight of stairs, you should:
Select one:
A. secure the patient to a scoop stretcher and carry him or her headfirst down the stairs to the awaiting stretcher.
B. place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair.
C. collapse the undercarriage of the wheeled stretcher and carefully carry the patient down the stairs on the stretcher.
D. assist the patient in walking down the stairs and place him or her on the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs.

Answer 17

B. place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair.

Question 18

You should use a rigid _____, often called a Stokes litter, to carry a patient across uneven terrain from a remote location that is inaccessible by ambulance or other vehicle.
Select one:
A. basket stretcher
B. scoop stretcher
C. molded backboard
D. flotation device

Answer 18

A. Basket stretcher

Question 19

Which of the following conditions or situations presents the MOST unique challenge to the EMT when immobilizing an elderly patient on a long backboard?
Select one:
A. Joint flexibility
B. Patient disorientation
C. Naturally deformed bones
D. Abnormal spinal curvature

Answer 19

D. Abnormal spinal curvature

Question 20

You may injure your back if you lift:
Select one:
A. with your back curved.
B. with your back straight, but bent significantly forward at the hips.
C. with the shoulder girdle anterior to the pelvis.
D. All of these answers are correct.

Answer 20

D. All of these answers are correct.

Question 21

In lifting with the palm down, the weight is supported by the _____ rather than the palm.
Select one:
A. fingers
B. forearm
C. lower back
D. wrist

Answer 21

A. fingers

Question 22

You are attending to a 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. Your patient has been having lower abdominal pains and cramping for the past two hours. In placing your patient on the stretcher and preparing for transport, you should place her: Select one: A. supine with her legs elevated. B. in the Fowler position. C. on her left side. D. in a position of comfort.

Answer 22

C. on her left side

Question 23

When pulling a patient, you should do all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. extend your arms no more than about 15 to 20 inches (38 to 50 cm). B. reposition your feet so that the force of pull will be balanced equally. C. when you can pull no farther, lean forward another 15 to 20 inches (38 to 50 cm). D. pull the patient by slowly flexing your arms.

Answer 23

C. when you can pull no farther, lean forward another 15 to 20 inches (38 to 50 cm).

Question 24

To facilitate a safe and coordinated move, the team leader should: Select one: A. be positioned at the feet so the team can hear. B. use preparatory commands to initiate any moves. C. speak softly but clearly to avoid startling the patient. D. never become involved in the move, only direct the move.

Answer 24

B. use preparatory commands to initiate any moves.

Question 25

As you and your partner are carrying a stable patient down a flight of stairs in a stair chair, you feel a sudden, sharp pain in your lower back. You should: Select one: A. reposition your hands and continue to move the patient. B. stop the move and request additional lifting assistance. C. guide your partner while moving the chair backwards. D. stop the move and have the patient walk down the stairs.

Answer 25

B. stop the move and request additional lifting assistance.

Question 26

You should perform an urgent move in all of the following situations, EXCEPT: Select one: A. if a patient has an altered level of consciousness. B. if the patient is complaining of neck pain. C. in extreme weather conditions. D. if a patient has inadequate ventilation or shock.

Answer 26

B. if the patient is complaining of neck pain.

Question 27

Which of the following statements regarding patient weight distribution is correct? Select one: A. The majority of a horizontal patient's weight is in the torso. B. Most of the patient's weight rests on the foot end of the stretcher. C. A semi-sitting patient's weight is equally distributed on both ends. D. The EMT at the patient's head will bear the least amount of weight.

Answer 27

A. The majority of a horizontal patient's weight is in the torso.

Question 28

You are attending to a 34-year-old male patient who requires transport to the hospital for assessment of his chronic back pain. The patient weighs over 750 pounds. Your bariatric stretcher has a wider surface area to allow for: Select one: A. increased lifting capacity and patient weight load. B. increased patient comfort and dignity. C. increased stability and leverage when lifting with more than two providers. D. better stability when moving the patient on uneven ground.

Answer 28

B. increased patient comfort and dignity.

Question 29

The _________ is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle. Select one: A. coccyx B. sacrum C. thorax D. ischium

Answer 29

B. sacrum

Question 30

To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when lifting or moving a patient, you should: Select one: A. flex at the waist instead of the hips. B. avoid the use of log rolls or body drags. C. use a direct carry whenever possible. D. keep the weight as close to your body as possible.

Answer 30

D. keep the weight as close to your body as possible.

Question 31

It is essential that you ____________ your equipment to prevent the spread of disease. Select one: A. throw out B. decontaminate C. incinerate D. properly store

Answer 31

B. decontaminate

Question 32

In contrast to typical wheeled ambulance stretchers, features of a bariatric stretcher include: Select one: A. a collapsible undercarriage. B. weight capacity of up to 650 lb. C. increased stability from a wider wheelbase. D. two safety rails on both sides of the stretcher.

Answer 32

C. increased stability from a wider wheelbase.

Question 33

The proper technique for using the power grip is to: Select one: A. lift with your palms up. B. rotate your palms down. C. hold the handle with your fingers. D. position your hands about 6² apart.

Answer 33

A. lift with your palms up.

Question 34

Which of the following statements regarding an emergency patient move is correct? Select one: A. The spine must be fully immobilized prior to performing an emergency move. B. An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment. C. The patient is dragged against the body's long axis during an emergency move. D. It is not possible to perform an emergency move without injuring the patient.

Answer 34

B. An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment.

Question 35

The MOST serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is: Select one: A. unnecessarily wasting time. B. injury to you or your patient. C. causing patient anxiety or fear. D. confusion among team members.

Answer 35

B. injury to you or your patient.

Question 36

An EMT may injure his or her back, even if it is straight, if the: Select one: A. back is bent forward at the hips. B. hands are held close to the legs. C. shoulder is aligned over the pelvis. D. force is exerted straight down the spine.

Answer 36

A. back is bent forward at the hips.

Question 37

You are attending to a 22-year-old female patient who has overdosed. The patient is unresponsive in an upstairs bedroom. The most appropriate way to bring the patient downstairs is: Select one: A. secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the head end. B. secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the foot end. C. secured to a stair chair with the strongest provider at the head end. D. secured to a stair chair with the strongest provider at the foot end.

Answer 37

A. secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the head end.

Question 38

When pulling a patient, you should extend your arms no more than ________ in front of your torso. Select one: A. 5 to 10 inches B. 10 to 15 inches C. 15 to 20 inches D. 20 to 30 inches

Answer 38

C. 15 to 20 inches

Question 39

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury? Select one: A. Long backboard B. Scoop stretcher C. Portable stretcher D. Wheeled stretcher

Answer 39

A. Long backboard

Question 40

A branch of medicine concerned with the management (prevention or control) of obesity and allied diseases.

Answer 40

bariatrics

Question 41

A carrying technique in which one provider is located at the head end of the stretcher or backboard, one at the foot end, and one at each side of the patient; each of the two providers at the sides uses one hand to support the stretcher or backboard so that all are able to face forward as they walk.

Answer 41

diamond carry

Question 42

A specially designed stretcher that can be rolled along the ground. A collapsible undercarriage allows it to be loaded into the ambulance; also called an ambulance stretcher.

Answer 42

wheeled ambulance stretcher

Question 43

The relationship between the body’s anatomic structures and the physical forces associated with lifting, moving, and carrying; the ways in which the body moves to achieve a specific action.

Answer 43

body mechanics

Question 44

A lifting technique in which the EMT’s back is held upright, with legs bent, and the patient is lifted when the EMT straightens the legs to raise the upper body and arms.

Answer 44

power lift

Question 45

A lightweight folding device that is used to carry a conscious, seated patient up or down stairs.

Answer 45

stair chair

Question 46

A move in which the patient is dragged or pulled from a dangerous scene before assessment and care are provided.

Answer 46

emergency move

Question 47

A long, flat board made of rigid, rectangular material that is used to provide support to a patient who is suspected of having a hip, pelvic, spinal, or lower extremity injury; also called a spine board, trauma board, and longboard.

Answer 47

backboard

Question 48

A stretcher that is designed to be split into two or four sections that can be fitted around a patient who is lying on the ground or other relatively flat surface; also called an orthopaedic stretcher.

Answer 48

scoop stretcher

Question 49

A rigid stretcher commonly used in technical and water rescues that surrounds and supports the patient yet allows water to drain through holes in the bottom; also called a Stokes litter.

Answer 49

basket stretcher

Question 50

A stretcher that is a rigid carrying device when secured around a patient but can be folded or rolled when not in use.

Answer 50

flexible stretcher

Question 51

A technique to move a patient from a sitting position inside a vehicle to supine on a backboard in less than 1 minute when conditions do not allow for standard immobilization.

Answer 51

rapid extrication technique

Question 52

A lifting technique that is used for patients who are supine or in a sitting position with no suspected extremity or spinal injuries.

Answer 52

extremity lift

Question 53

A technique in which the stretcher or backboard is gripped by inserting each hand under the handle with the palm facing up and the thumb extended, fully supporting the underside of the handle on the curved palm with the fingers and thumb.

Answer 53

power grip

Question 54

A stretcher with a strong, rectangular, tubular metal frame and rigid fabric stretched across it.

Answer 54

portable stretcher

Question 55

A lifting technique that is used for patients who are found lying supine on the ground with no suspected spinal injury.

Answer 55

direct ground lift

Question 56

What is the first rule of lifting? Twist slowly when you lift. Keep your back in a straight position. Bend at the waist to pick something up. Use your arms to do most of the lifting.

Answer 56

Keep your back in a straight position.

Question 57

When lifting a stretcher using the power lift, you should: bend at the hips, knees, back, and arms. bend at the waist and keep your back straight. place your hands palms up on the litter handle. place your hands palms down on the litter's side bars.

Answer 57

place your hands palms up on the litter handle.

Question 58

It is impractical to apply a vest-type extrication device on a critically injured patient to remove him or her from a wrecked vehicle because it: takes too long to correctly apply. does not fully immobilize the spine. cannot be used on patients who are in their car. does not provide adequate stabilization.

Answer 58

takes too long to correctly apply

Question 59

Proper guidelines for correct reaching include all of the following, EXCEPT: avoiding twisting your back. avoiding hyperextension of your back. keeping the back in a locked-in position. reaching no more than 30 inches in front of your body.

Answer 59

reaching no more than 30 inches in front of your body.

Question 60

An injured hang glider is trapped at the top of a large mountain and must be evacuated to the ground. The terrain is very rough and uneven. Which of the following devices would be the safest and most appropriate to use? Stair chair Stokes basket Scoop stretcher Long backboard

Answer 60

stokes basket

Question 61

When two EMTs are lifting a patient on a long backboard, they should: lift the patient from the sides of the board. make every attempt to lift with their backs. position the strongest EMT at the foot of the board. position the strongest EMT at the head of the board.

Answer 61

position the strongest EMT at the head of the board.

Question 62

Which of the following techniques is considered to be an emergency move? Extremity lift Supine transfer Firefighter's drag Direct ground lift

Answer 62

Firefighter's drag

Question 63

To extract a patient from the basement of a building, you must transport the patient up a flight of stairs. In doing this, you must ensure that: the elevated head of the backboard goes first. the backboard with the elevated foot end goes first. the backboard is slightly tilted to the left to distribute weight. the patient's feet are higher than his or her head, whichever end is carried first.

Answer 63

the elevated head of the backboard goes first.

Question 64

If an injured patient needs to be moved but is not in immediate danger from fire or building collapse, you should first: order the equipment you need for extrication. check the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation. remove the patient with the rapid extrication technique. determine the number of people you will need to move the patient.

Answer 64

check the patients airway, breathing, and circulation.

Question 65

The rapid extrication technique is a: nonurgent move to remove a patient from a vehicle. technique used to transfer a patient from a bed to a stretcher. technique used to lift a patient with no suspected spinal injury onto a stretcher. technique used to quickly remove a patient from a vehicle and onto a backboard.

Answer 65

technique used to quickly remove a patient from a vehicle and onto a backboard.

Question 66

When lifting a backboard, you should use the: A. lateral lift. B. diamond carry. C. power grip. D. power lift.

Answer 66

power lift

Question 67

Because you are unable to bring the stretcher to the patient, the best way to carry him to the stretcher is using the: A. diamond carry. B. firefighter’s carry. C. direct carry. D. emergency carry.

Answer 67

diamond carry (this is for the patient who had a leg crush injury from a falling tree)

Question 68

1. After applying medical restraints to a combative patient, you should:

Answer 68

remove them only after hospital personnel have requested you to do so.

Question 69

2. In contrast to typical wheeled ambulance stretchers, features of a bariatric stretcher include:

Answer 69

increased stability from a wider wheelbase.

Question 70

3. It is essential that you__________ your equipment to prevent the spread of disease.

Answer 70

decontaminate

Question 71

4. The _______ is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle.

Answer 71

sacrum

Question 72

5. The direct carry is used to transfer a patient:

Answer 72

from a bed to the ambulance stretcher

Question 73

6. The extremity lift would not be appropriate to use on a patient:

Answer 73

with a deformed humerus

Question 74

7. The first rule of safe lifting is to:

Answer 74

keep your back in a straight, vertical position

Question 75

8. The most appropriate carrying device to use when moving a patient across rough or uneven terrain is the:

Answer 75

basket stretcher

Question 76

9. The most serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is:

Answer 76

injury to you or your patient

Question 77

10. To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when lifting or moving a patient, you should:

Answer 77

keep the weight as close to your body as possible

Question 77

11. When a person is standing upright, the weight of anything being lifted and carried in the hands is first reflected onto the:

Answer 77

shoulder girdle

Question 78

12. When carrying a patient up or down stairs, you should avoid:

Answer 78

using a wheeled stretched whenever possible

Question 79

13. When the shoulder girdle is aligned over the pelvis during lifting:

Answer 79

the weight is exerted straight down the vertebrae

Question 80

14. When using a body drag to pull a patient who is on the ground, you should:

Answer 80

kneel to minimize the distance that you will have to lean over

Question 81

15. Which is the most appropriate method to use when moving a patient from his or her bed to a wheeled stretcher?

Answer 81

draw sheet method

Question 82

16. Which of the following most accurately describes the correct position of the EMTs who are executing the diamond carry technique?

Answer 82

One at the head, one at the feet, and one on each side of the patient's torso

Question 83

17. Which of the following situations would require an urgent patient move?

Answer 83

Semiconscious patient with shallow respirations and signs of shock

Question 84

18. Which of the following statements regarding patient weight distribution is correct?

Answer 84

The majority of a horizontal patients weight is in the torso

Question 85

19. Which of the following statement regarding the scoop stretcher is not correct?

Answer 85

a scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patients spinal column

Question 86

20. You should not attempt to lift a patient who weighs more than 250 pounds with fewer than____ rescuers, regardless of individual strength.

Answer 86

four