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EMT School > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which intervention(s) would have the MOST positive impact on the cardiac arrest patient’s outcome?

Advanced airway management
Early CPR and defibrillation
IV fluid administration
Cardiac medications

A

Early CPR and defibrillation

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2
Q

The AED gives a “no shock” message to a patient who is in cardiac arrest. What should you do?

Resume chest compressions.
Check for a carotid pulse.
Reanalyze the cardiac rhythm.
Deliver two rescue breaths.

A

Resume chest compressions.

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3
Q

What is the maximum amount of time that should be spent checking for spontaneous breathing in an unresponsive child?

5 seconds
10 seconds
15 seconds
20 seconds

A

10 seconds

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4
Q

When performing CPR on an adult, you should compress the chest to what depth and at what rate of compressions per minute?

1 to 1.4 inches (2.5 to 3.5 cm); 80 to 100
2 to 2.4 inches (5 to 6 cm); 80 to 100
1 to 1.4 inches (2.5 to 3.5 cm); 100 to 120
2 to 2.4 inches (5 to 6 cm); 100 to 120

A

2 to 2.4 inches (5 to 6 cm); 100 to 120

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5
Q

What is the proper compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult two-rescuer CPR?

15:2
30:2
50:2
60:2

A

15:2

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6
Q

When you are performing CPR on an adult or a child, you should reassess the patient for return of respirations and/or circulation approximately every how many minutes?

1
2
3
5

A

2

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7
Q

What is the preferred method of removing a foreign body in an unresponsive child?

Back slaps
Abdominal thrusts
Chest compressions
Manual removal

A

Abdominal thrusts

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8
Q

You are off duty and you come across an unresponsive child lying on the ground at a playground. She does not have a pulse, and no one witnessed the collapse. What should you do?

Call 9-1-1 immediately, then return to the child and begin CPR.
Do five cycles of chest compressions, and then call 9-1-1.
Call for ALS backup immediately.
Take the child to the nearest hospital in your vehicle.

A

Do five cycles of chest compressions, and then call 9-1-1.

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9
Q

You respond to a call in which a 6-year-old was hit by a car. She is responsive but struggling to breathe. What position should you place her in?

Recovery
Supine
Fowler
Any position of comfort

A

Any position of comfort

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10
Q

When performing CPR on an infant, which of the following is correct?

Place two fingers in the middle of the sternum, just below the nipple line.
Place the heel of one hand on the lower half of the sternum and the other hand over the first hand.
Place the heel of one or two hands in the center of the chest, in between the nipples, avoiding the xiphod process.
Use your index finger on the lower left half of the sternum.

A

Place two fingers in the middle of the sternum, just below the nipple line.

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11
Q

Technique to open the airway by placing the fingers behind the angle of the jaw and bringing the jaw forward; used for patients who may have a cervical spine injury.

A

jaw-thrust maneuver

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12
Q

A condition in which air fills the stomach, often as a result of high volume and pressure during artificial ventilation.

A

gastric distention

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13
Q

The total percentage of time during a resuscitation attempt in which active chest compressions are being performed.

A

chest compression fraction

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14
Q

A technique that involves compressing the chest and then actively pulling it back up to its neutral position or beyond (decompression); may increase the amount of blood that returns to the heart and, thus, the amount of blood ejected from the heart during the compression phase.

A

active compression-decompression CPR

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15
Q

The return of a pulse and effective blood flow to the body in a patient who previously was in cardiac arrest.

A

return of spontaneous circulation

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16
Q

Advanced life-saving procedures, some of which are now being provided by the EMT.

A

advanced life support

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17
Q

Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal; may lead to increased intrathoracic pressure, decreased venous return, and hypotension when associated with bag-mask device use.

A

hyperventilation

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18
Q

A circumferential chest compression device composed of a constricting band and backboard that is either electrically or pneumatically driven to compress the heart by putting inward pressure on the thorax.

A

load-distributing band

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19
Q

A device that depresses the sternum via a compressed gas-powered or electric-powered plunger mounted on a backboard

A

mechanical piston device

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20
Q

A harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway; may be audible without a stethoscope.

A

stridor

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21
Q

Noninvasive emergency life-saving care that is used to treat medical conditions, including airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest.

A

basic life support

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22
Q

A side-lying position used to maintain a clear airway in unresponsive patients who are breathing adequately and do not have suspected injuries to the spine, hips, or pelvis.

A

recovery position

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23
Q

Blood settling to the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin; a definitive sign of death.

A

dependent lividity

24
Q

A combination of two movements to open the airway by tilting the forehead back and lifting the chin; not used for trauma patients.

A

head tilt-chin lift maneuver

25
Q

The exchange of air between the lungs and the environment; occurs spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person, such as an EMT.

A

ventilation

26
Q

Stiffening of the body muscles; a definitive sign of death.

A

rigor mortis

27
Q

Brain damage is very likely in a brain that does not receive oxygen for:
0–1 minutes.
0–4 minutes.
4–6 minutes.
6–10 minutes.

A

6–10 minutes.

28
Q

Which of the following sequences of events describes the AHA chain of survival?
Early access, integrated post-arrest care, early advanced care, early CPR, early defibrillation, recovery
Early advanced care, early defibrillation, integrated post-arrest care, early CPR, early access
Early access, early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced care, integrated post-arrest care, recovery
Early access, early riser, early CPR, early advanced care

A

Early access, early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced care, integrated post-arrest care, recovery

29
Q

For CPR to be effective, the patient must be on a firm surface, lying in the ______________ position.
Fowler
prone
supine
recovery

A

supine

30
Q

The pulse check should take:
1 second.
at least 1 second but no more than 5 seconds.
at least 10 seconds.
at least 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds.

A

at least 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds

31
Q

Artificial ventilation may result in the stomach becoming filled with air, a condition called:
gastric distention.
vomitus.
abdominal-thrust maneuver.
acute abdomen.

A

gastric distention

32
Q

The ______________ is a circumferential chest compression device composed of a constricting band and backboard.
mechanical piston device
load-distributing band
impedance threshold device
cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

load-distributing band

33
Q

Which of the following scenarios would warrant an interruption in CPR procedures?
A hysterical family member trying to gain access to the unconscious patient
A vehicle honking its horn anxious to pass by the scene on a blocked road
A small set of steps leading to the exit of the building, on the way to the ambulance
Being tired from trying to resuscitate a patient

A

A small set of steps leading to the exit of the building, on the way to the ambulance

34
Q

Once you begin CPR in the field, you must continue until one of the following events occurs:
The patient stops breathing and has no pulse.
The patient is transferred to another person who is trained in BLS, to ALS-trained personnel, or to another emergency medical responder.
You are out of gas in the ambulance.
A police officer assumes responsibility for the patient and gives direction to discontinue CPR.

A

The patient is transferred to another person who is trained in BLS, to ALS-trained personnel, or to another emergency medical responder.

35
Q

Instead of the abdominal-thrust maneuver, use ___________ for women in advanced stages of pregnancy and patients who are obese.
chest thrusts
Sellick maneuver
basic life support
DNR orders

A

chest thrusts

36
Q

In infants who have signs and symptoms of an airway infection, you should not waste time trying to dislodge a foreign body. You should intervene only if signs of ____________ develop, such as a weak, ineffective cough; cyanosis; stridor; absent air movement; or a decreasing level of consciousness.
sudden infant death syndrome
child abuse
bronchitis
severe airway obstruction

A

severe airway obstruction

37
Q

A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred.

A

ischemia

38
Q

A circumferential chest compression device composed of a constricting band and backboard that is either electrically or pneumatically driven to compress the heart by putting inward pressure on the thorax.

A

load-distributing band

39
Q

Stiffening of the body muscles; a definitive sign of death.

A

rigor mortis

40
Q

The exchange of air between the lungs and the environment; occurs spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person, such as an EMT.

A

ventilation

41
Q

A device that depresses the sternum via a compressed gas-powered or electric-powered plunger mounted on a backboard.

A

mechanical piston device

42
Q

A condition in which air fills the stomach, often as a result of high volume and pressure during artificial ventilation.

A

gastric distention

43
Q

Technique to open the airway by placing the fingers behind the angle of the jaw and bringing the jaw forward; used for patients who may have a cervical spine injury.

A

jaw-thrust maneuver

44
Q

A valve device placed between the endotracheal tube and a bag-mask device that limits the amount of air entering the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions.

A

impedance threshold device

45
Q

Noninvasive emergency life-saving care that is used to treat medical conditions, including airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest.

A

basic life support

46
Q

Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal; may lead to increased intrathoracic pressure, decreased venous return, and hypotension when associated with bag-mask device use.

A

hyperventilation

47
Q

The total percentage of time during a resuscitation attempt in which active chest compressions are being performed.

A

chest compression fraction

48
Q

The preferred method to dislodge a severe airway obstruction in adults and children; also called the Heimlich maneuver.

A

abdominal thrust maneuver

49
Q

Advanced life-saving procedures, some of which are now being provided by the EMT.

A

advanced life support

50
Q

Blood settling to the lowest point of the body, causing discoloration of the skin; a definitive sign of death.

A

dependent lividity

51
Q

A combination of two movements to open the airway by tilting the forehead back and lifting the chin; not used for trauma patients.

A

head tilt-chin lift maneuver

52
Q

The return of a pulse and effective blood flow to the body in a patient who previously was in cardiac arrest.

A

return of spontaneous circulation

53
Q

A harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway; may be audible without a stethoscope.

A

stridor

54
Q

The combination of chest compressions and rescue breathing used to establish adequate ventilation and circulation in a patient who is not breathing and has no pulse.

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

55
Q

A side-lying position used to maintain a clear airway in unresponsive patients who are breathing adequately and do not have suspected injuries to the spine, hips, or pelvis.

A

recovery position

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