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EMT School > Chapter 11 (incomplete) > Flashcards

Chapter 11 (incomplete) Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:
A

nonrebreathing mask

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2
Q
  1. An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than:
A

500 psi

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3
Q
  1. At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to:
A

44%

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4
Q
  1. Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by:
A

adequate amounts of surfactant

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5
Q
  1. High flow oxygen with a nasal cannula during the preoxygenated phase of endotracheal intubation is called:
A

apneic oxygenation

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6
Q
  1. Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called:
A

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

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7
Q
  1. Oxygen toxicity is a condition in which:
A

cellular tissue damage occurs from excessive oxygen levels in the blood.

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8
Q
  1. Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A

the epiglottis

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9
Q
  1. The diaphragm is innervated by the _______ nerve, which allows it to contract.
A

phrenic

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10
Q
  1. The hypoxic drive is influenced by:
A

low blood oxygen levels

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11
Q
  1. The presence of elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood is called:
A

hypercarbia

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12
Q
  1. The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately ______ pounds per square inch (psi).
A

2,000

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13
Q
  1. What is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?
A

The tongue

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14
Q
  1. Which of the following factors will cause a reduction in minute volume in an adult?
A

shallow breathing

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15
Q
  1. Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia?
A

Cyanosis

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following organs or tissues can survive the longest without oxygen?
A

Muscle

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17
Q
  1. Which of the following oxygen flowmeters is NOT affected by gravity and can be used in any position when attached to an oxygen cylinder?
A

Bourdon-gauge flowmeter

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18
Q
  1. Which of the following patients is breathing adequately?
A

a conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin

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19
Q
  1. Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway?
A

Bronchus

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20
Q
  1. With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to ______% inspired oxygen.
A

90

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21
Q

What are unintended effects?

A

effects that are undesirable but pose little risk to the patient, such as a slight headache after taking nitroglycerin.

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22
Q

What are untoward effects?

A

effects that can be harmful to the patient, such as hypotension after taking nitroglycerin.

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23
Q

What is the difference between generic and trade names of medications?

A

Generic name
- simple, clear, nonproprietary nam.
- generic name is not capitalized.

Trade name
- brand name that a manufacturer gives to a medication
- trade name is a proper noun and begins with a capital letter
- medication may have many different trade names, depending on how many companies manufacture it
- Ex: Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin all are trade names for the generic medication ibuprofen

24
Q

The fastest route of administration is ________.
- Subcutaneous
- Oral
- Intravenous
- Transcutaneous

A

intravenous

25
Q

What is the difference between adsorption and absorption?

A

Adsorption: process of binding or sticking to a surface

Absorption: process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream

26
Q

Activated charcoal works via ________.
- Absorption
- Adsorption
- Diffusion
- Chemical binding

A

adsorption

27
Q

Tylenol is an example of what?
- Trade name
- Generic name
- Chemical name
- Official name

A

Trade name

28
Q

You are treating a patient who tells you he was prescribed alprazolam (Xanax) for his anxiety. What would anxiety be considered?
- Indication
- Contraindication
- Side effect
- Intended effect

A

Indication

29
Q

What information should you include on your PCR related to a patient’s medications?
- Document the medication names and dosages.
- Document the medication names and expiration dates.
- The trade name and the generic name of each medication.
- Do not document the medication names; these will be determined at the hospital.

A
  • Document the medication names and dosages.
30
Q

If your patient takes nitroglycerin for a heart condition, which of the following routes of administration might he use?
- Oral
- Sublingual
- Injection
- Inhaled

A

sublingual

31
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of MDI drug administration over SVN drug administration?
- The MDI route does not require an external oxygen source.
- The patient does not need to be conscious for MDI drug administration.
- MDI medications have no side effects.
- MDI medications do not expire.

A

The MDI route does not require an external oxygen source.

32
Q

Activated charcoal comes in which medication form?
- Gel
- Solution
- Suspension
- Tablet

A

Suspension

33
Q

Why should you not use an oral route to deliver medication in a patient with an altered LOC? (level of consciousness)
- It takes too long for medicine to be delivered using the oral route.
- The medication will not work as intended in a patient with altered LOC.
- The patient will likely be combative so an oral route will be difficult.
- There is a potential for airway compromise.

A

-There is a potential for airway compromise.

34
Q

During your treatment of a patient having a stroke whose breathing is normal and oxygen saturation is 96%, you administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask at 10 to 15 L/min. This is an example of what?
- Knowledge-based error
- Skills-based error
- Rules-based error
- Therapeutic effect

A

-Knowledge-based error

Choosing the wrong medication to administer is a knowledge-based error. In this case, administering oxygen is contraindicated for the patient.

35
Q

You are treating a 4-year-old who has been vomiting for 2 days. Which route should you use to deliver anti-nausea medication?
- Intravenous
- Subcutaneous
- Intramuscular
- Per rectum

A

Per rectum

36
Q

When administering a medication you are unfamiliar with, what is the first thing you should do?
- Verify the proper medication and prescription.
- Verify the form, dose, and route of the medication.
- Check the expiration date and condition of the medication.
- Obtain an order from medical control.

A
  • Obtain an order from medical control.
37
Q

The amount of medication that is given is known as the _________.
- indication
- dose
- side effect
- contraindication

A

-dose

38
Q

What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector?
- Intraosseous
- Intramuscular
- Intravenous
- Sublingual

A

Intramuscular

39
Q

Which of the following is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient?
- A patient with an altered level of consciousness
- An alert adult patient
- A patient with stable vital signs
- Medical direction approval

A

Medical direction approval

40
Q

Which of the following patient populations typically require a modified drug dose?
- Pediatric patients
- Females
- Middle adults
- Patients with asthma

A

Pediatric patients

41
Q

The term “pharmacology” is MOST accurately defined as:
- the study of how medications affect the brain.
- the study of drugs that are produced illegally.
- the study of drug excretion from the human body.
- the study of drugs and their actions on the body.

A

the study of drugs and their actions on the body.

42
Q

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n):
- unpredictable effect.
- untoward effect.
- side effect.
- therapeutic effect.

A

side effect

43
Q

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for the generic medication:
- ibuprofen.
- acetaminophen.
- aspirin.
- nitrostat.

A

Ibuprofen

44
Q

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct?
- Tylenol is an example of a parenteral medication because it is taken orally.
- Parenteral medications are absorbed by the body through the digestive system.
- Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.
- Compared to enteral medications, parenteral medications have fewer side effects.

A
  • Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.
45
Q

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to:
- give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his blood pressure.
- withhold drug therapy until an intraosseous catheter is in place.
- administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.
- give the patient activated charcoal to rule out a drug overdose.

A

administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.

46
Q

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:
- reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.
- contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did.
- check the drug’s expiration date to ensure that it is still current.
- administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress.

A

reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.

47
Q

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should:
- administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital.
- place her in a supine position, keep her warm, begin transport to the hospital, and request a paramedic intercept en route.
- notify dispatch and request that a paramedic unit respond to the scene so they can administer epinephrine to the patient.
- immediately load the patient into the ambulance, begin transport, and reattempt to contact medical control when you receive a cell signal.

A
  • administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital.
48
Q

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?
- Glucose is usually administered by the EMT via the intravenous route.
- Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.
- Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream.
- Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic.

A
  • Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.
49
Q

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should:
- administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours.
- assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.
- begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit.
- administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure.

A
  • assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.
50
Q

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)?
- Hypertension
- Slow respirations
- Tachycardia
- Extreme agitation

A

Slow respirations

51
Q

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of:
- non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
- bacterial infection.
- cardiovascular disease.
- reactive airway disease.

A

cardiovascular disease

52
Q

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error?
- The EMT administers the correct drug, but gives it by the wrong route.
- The EMT administers a drug that is contraindicated for the patient.
- The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director.
- The EMT accidentally gives a higher drug dose than what is indicated.

A
  • the EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director.
53
Q

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called:
- absorption.
- suspension.
- adsorption.
- digestion.

A

adsorption

54
Q

In ___________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner.
- peer-assisted
- patient-assisted
- EMT-administered
- paramedic-administered

A

peer-assisted

55
Q

Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called:
- capsules.
- tablets.
- caplets.
- pills.

A

capsules

56
Q
A

EMT School (14 decks)

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