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EMT School > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following medications can be used for the treatment of an acute asthma attack?

Cromolyn
Albuterol
Fluticasone
Salmeterol

A

Albuterol

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2
Q

What is the most appropriate method for oxygen delivery to an adult patient experiencing breathing difficulty?

Nasal cannula at 2 to 6 L/min
Nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min
Venturi mask at 8 L/min
Bag-mask device at 15 L/min

A

Nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min

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3
Q

When assisting an asthmatic patient with a small-volume nebulizer attached to oxygen, what is the appropriate flow rate for the oxygen?

2 L/min
4 L/min
6 L/min
10 L/min

A

6 L/min

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4
Q

In addition to asthma, which of the following conditions is associated with wheezing?

Croup
Epiglottitis
Pulmonary embolism
Bronchitis

A

Bronchitis

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5
Q

What is atelectasis?

Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs
A buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness
A buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids
An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

A

Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs

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6
Q

Which type of breath sound are you more likely to hear in a person with congestive heart failure?

Decreased/absent
Rhonchi
Crackles
Stridor

A

Crackles

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7
Q

You arrive at a residence where you find a woman in her early 60s. She is anxious and tachycardic, and her fingertips and lips are blue. As you assess her, she coughs up frothy sputum, and you hear crackles and some wheezing as you check for breath sounds. What condition do these findings indicate?

Spontaneous pneumothorax
Emphysema
Bronchitis
Congestive heart failure

A

Congestive heart failure

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8
Q

In the mnemonic PASTE, what does the “S” stand for?

Symptoms
Severity
Sputum
Syncope

A

Sputum

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9
Q

The CPAP is generally used for which condition?

Acute pulmonary edema
Hyperventilation
Pleural effusion
Spontaneous pneumothorax

A

Acute pulmonary edema

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10
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding asthma?

Asthma involves accumulation of air in the pleural space.
Asthma involves a collection of fluid in the pleural space.
Asthma involves excessive mucus production.
Asthma involves a collection of fluid in the alveoli.

A

Asthma involves excessive mucus production.

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11
Q

The process in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs is called:
respiration.
ventilation.
metabolism.
inhalation.

A

respiration

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12
Q

Which of the following respiratory diseases causes obstruction of the lower airway?
Croup
Asthma
Epiglottitis
Laryngitis

A

Asthma

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13
Q

Which of the following diseases is potentially drug resistant and is thought to be transmitted by coughing?
Tuberculosis
Croup
Diphtheria
Epiglottitis

A

Tuberculosis

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14
Q

All of the following are causes of acute dyspnea, EXCEPT:
asthma.
emphysema.
pneumothorax.
pulmonary embolism.

A

emphysema

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15
Q

Bronchospasm is MOST often associated with:
asthma.
bronchitis.
pneumonia.
pneumothorax

A

asthma

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16
Q

A sudden onset of difficulty breathing, sharp chest pain, and cyanosis that persists despite supplemental oxygen is MOST consistent with:
severe pneumonia.
myocardial infarction.
a pulmonary embolism.
a spontaneous pneumothorax.

A

a pulmonary embolism.

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17
Q

Albuterol, a beta-2 agonist, is the generic name for:
Alupent.
Metaprel.
Brethine.
Ventolin.

A

Ventolin

18
Q

An acute bacterial infection that results in swelling of the flap that covers the larynx during swallowing is called:
croup.
laryngitis.
epiglottitis.
diphtheria.

A

epiglottitis.

19
Q

A 70-year-old man recently had a heart attack and now complains of severe difficulty breathing, especially when lying flat. He is coughing up pink, frothy secretions. This patient is MOST likely experiencing:
acute right heart failure.
severe left heart failure.
an acute onset of bronchitis.
an acute pulmonary embolism.

A

severe left heart failure.

20
Q

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately?
36-year-old man with cyanosis around the lips and irregular respirations
29-year old woman with respirations of 20 breaths/min, who is conscious and alert
22-year-old man with labored respirations at a rate of 28 breaths/min and pale skin
59-year-old woman with difficulty breathing, whose respirations are rapid and shallow

A

29-year old woman with respirations of 20 breaths/min, who is conscious and alert

21
Q
  1. A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40°F (5°C). On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing supplemental oxygen, you should:
A

determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.

22
Q
  1. A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as:
A

fluid accumulation outside the lung

23
Q
  1. Albuterol is a generic name for:
A

ventolin

24
Q
  1. Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when:
A

blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing.

25
Q
  1. An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with:
A

adequate air exchange

26
Q
  1. Asthma is caused by a response of the:
A

immune system

27
Q
  1. At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and:
A

audible stridor

28
Q
  1. Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:
A

tachypnea and tingling in the extremities.

29
Q
  1. Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as:
A

shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

30
Q
  1. Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of:
A

stridor

31
Q
  1. Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
    an overdose of aspirin
    a narcotic overdose
    high blood glucose levels
    a respiratory infection
A

a narcotic overdoes

32
Q
  1. In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:
A

oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

33
Q
  1. In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?
A

alveoli

34
Q
  1. The two processes that occur during respiration are:
A

inspiration and expiration

35
Q
  1. When assessing for fluid collection in the lungs during auscultation of lung sounds, you should:
A

start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds.

36
Q
  1. When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:
A

abnormal breath sounds

37
Q
  1. When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:
A

respirations increase in rate and depth

38
Q
  1. Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to result in hypoxia?
    pulmonary edema
    pleural effusion
    narcotic overdose
    severe anxiety
A

severe anxiety

39
Q
  1. Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing?
A

24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin

40
Q
  1. Which of the following statements regarding pulse oximetry is correct?
A

Pulse oximetry measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen, but does not measure the actual hemoglobin content of the blood.

EMT School (14 decks)

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