Chapter 8 Flashcards
In ancient times holes were cut in an ill person’s head to let out evil spirits in a process called
TREPHINATION
Believed that mental illness came from an imbalance in the body’s four humors
HIPPOCRATES
In the Middle Ages, the mentally ill were labeled as
WITCHES
The study of abnormal behavior
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm others, or harms their ability to function in daily life
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
Psychologists often classify behavior as abnormal using 4 D’s:
DEVIANCE, DISTRESS, DYSFUNCTION, DANGER
The social or environmental setting of a person’s behavior
SITUATIONAL CONTEXT
Emotional distress or discomfort
SUBJECTIVE DISCOMFORT
Anything that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life
MALADAPTIVE THINKING OR BEHAVIOR
according to this model psychological disorders
have biological or medical causes
BIOLOGICAL MODEL
according to this theorist abnormal behavior stems from repressed conflicts and urges that are fighting to become conscious
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORISTS
According to this perspective abnormal behavior is learned
BEHAVIORISTS
According to this theorist abnormal behavior comes from irrational beliefs and illogical patterns of thought
COGNITIVE THEORIST
According to this perspective abnormal behavior is the product of family, social, and cultural influences
SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
The need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place
CULTURAL RELATIVITY
Disorders found only in particular cultures
CULTURAL BOUND SYNDROMES
Incorporates biology, psychology, and culture into a single explanation of abnormal behavior
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
Manual of psychological disorders and their symptoms
DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL (DSM-5-TR)
An international resource published by the World Health Organization (WHO)
INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES (ICD)
The DSM-5 describes about ___ different psychological disorders and updated ____ mental disorders in DSM-5-TR
250 AND 70
PROS OF Labeling Disorders
provide a common language to professionals
– establish distinct categories of diagnosis for treatment and understanding
CONS OF Labeling Disorders
overly prejudicial
– “psychology student’s syndrome”
The main symptom is excessive or unrealistic worry and fearfulness
ANXIETY DISORDERS
Anxiety that is unrelated to any realistic, known source
FREE-FLOATING ANXIETY
An irrational, persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity
PHOBIA
Fear of interacting with others or being in social situations that might lead to a negative evaluation
Social phobia (social anxiety disorder):