Chapter 6

Question 1

The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met

Answer 1

MOTIVATION

Question 2

A person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person

Answer 2

EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

Question 3

A person performs an action because the act is fun, challenging, or satisfying in an internal manner

Answer 3

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION

Question 4

The biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals

Answer 4

INSTINCTS

Question 5

Approach to motivation that assumes people are governed by instincts similar to those of animals

Answer 5

INSTINCT APPROACH

Question 6

A requirement of some material (such as food or water) that is essential for survival of the organism

Answer 6

NEED

Question 7

A psychological tension and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension

Answer 7

DRIVE

Question 8

A ssumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal

Answer 8

DRIVE-REDUCTION THEORY

Question 9

2 TYPE OF DRIVES

Answer 9

PRIMARY DRIVES
ACQUIRED (SECONDARY) DRIVES

Question 10

Involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst

Answer 10

PRIMARY DRIVES

Question 11

Learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval

Answer 11

ACQUIRED (SECONDARY) DRIVES

Question 12

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state

Answer 12

HOMEOSTASIS

Question 13

WHO PRPOSED THE 3 TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS

Answer 13

DAVID MCCLELLAND

Question 14

3 TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS

Answer 14

NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT, NEED FOR AFFILIATION, NEED FOR POWER

Question 15

Involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals not only realistic ones, but also challenging ones

Answer 15

NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT

Question 16

The need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others

Answer 16

NEED FOR AFFILIATION

Question 17

The need to have control or influence over others

Answer 17

NEED FOR POWER

Question 18

A motive that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation, such as curiosity

Answer 18

STIMULUS MOTIVE

Question 19

Theory of motivation in which people are said to have an optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation

Answer 19

AROUSAL THEORY

Question 20

Law stating performance is related to arousal; moderate levels of arousal lead to better performance than do levels of arousal that are too low or too high

Answer 20

YERKES DODSON LAW

Question 21

One who needs more arousal than the average person

Answer 21

SENSATION SEEKER

Question 22

Things that attract or lure people into action

Answer 22

INCENTIVES

Question 23

Theories of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to the external stimulus and its rewarding properties

Answer 23

INCENTIVE APPROACHES

Question 24

The point at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential

Answer 24

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

Question 25

Times in a person’s life during which self-actualization is temporarily achieved

Answer 25

PEAK EXPERIENCES

Question 26

The social context of an action has an effect on the type of motivation existing for the action

Answer 26

SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY

Question 27

Hormones secreted by the pancreas to control levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the bloodstream

Question 27

Hormones secreted by the pancreas to control levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the bloodstream

Answer 27

INSULIN AND GLUCAGON

Question 28

Reduces the level of glucose in the bloodstream

Answer 28

INSULIN

Question 29

Increases the level of glucose in the bloodstream

Answer 29

GLUCAGON

Question 30

Hormone that signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full

Answer 30

LEPTIN

Question 31

Part of the brain that plays role in hunger. Responds to levels of glucose and insulin in the body

Answer 31

HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 31

Part of the brain that plays role in hunger. Responds to levels of glucose and insulin in the body

Answer 31

HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 32

Part of the brain that plays role in hunger. Responds to levels of glucose and insulin in the body

Answer 32

HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 33

The particular level of weight that the body tries to maintain

Answer 33

WEIGHT SET POINT

Question 34

The rate at which the body burns energy when the organism is resting

Answer 34

BASAL METABOLIC RATE (BMR)

Question 35

The body weight of a person is 20 percent or more over the ideal body weight for that person’s height (actual percent vary across definitions)

Answer 35

OBESITY

Question 36

The “feeling” aspect of consciousness characterized by: – certain physical arousal – certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world – inner awareness of feelings

Answer 36

EMOTION

Question 37

Which parts of the brain are involved in various aspects of emotion?

Answer 37

AMYGDALA, other subcortical and cortical areas

Question 38

Interpreting the subjective feeling by giving it a label

Answer 38

LABELING EMOTION

Question 39

A stimulus leads to an emotion, which then leads to bodily arousal

Answer 39

COMMON SENSE THEORY

Question 40

A physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion

Answer 40

JAMES-LANGE THEORY

Question 41

The physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed to occur at the same time

Answer 41

CANNON-BARD THEORY

Question 42

Both the physical arousal and the labeling of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion is experienced

Answer 42

COGNITIVE AROUSAL THEORY

Question 43

Facial expressions provide feedback to the brain concerning the emotion being expressed, which in turn causes and intensifies the emotion

Answer 43

FACIAL FEEDBACK HYPOTHESIS

Question 44

a stimulus must be interpreted (appraised) by a person in order to result in a physical response and an emotional reaction

Answer 44

COGNITIVE MEDIATIONAL THEORY