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INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met

A

MOTIVATION

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2
Q

A person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person

A

EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

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3
Q

A person performs an action because the act is fun, challenging, or satisfying in an internal manner

A

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION

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4
Q

The biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exist in both people and animals

A

INSTINCTS

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5
Q

Approach to motivation that assumes people are governed by instincts similar to those of animals

A

INSTINCT APPROACH

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6
Q

A requirement of some material (such as food or water) that is essential for survival of the organism

A

NEED

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7
Q

A psychological tension and physical arousal arising when there is a need that motivates the organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension

A

DRIVE

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8
Q

A ssumes behavior arises from physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce tension and arousal

A

DRIVE-REDUCTION THEORY

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9
Q

2 TYPE OF DRIVES

A

PRIMARY DRIVES
ACQUIRED (SECONDARY) DRIVES

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10
Q

Involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst

A

PRIMARY DRIVES

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11
Q

Learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval

A

ACQUIRED (SECONDARY) DRIVES

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12
Q

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state

A

HOMEOSTASIS

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13
Q

WHO PRPOSED THE 3 TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS

A

DAVID MCCLELLAND

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14
Q

3 TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS

A

NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT, NEED FOR AFFILIATION, NEED FOR POWER

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15
Q

Involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals not only realistic ones, but also challenging ones

A

NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT

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16
Q

The need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others

A

NEED FOR AFFILIATION

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17
Q

The need to have control or influence over others

A

NEED FOR POWER

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18
Q

A motive that appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation, such as curiosity

A

STIMULUS MOTIVE

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19
Q

Theory of motivation in which people are said to have an optimal (best or ideal) level of tension that they seek to maintain by increasing or decreasing stimulation

A

AROUSAL THEORY

20
Q

Law stating performance is related to arousal; moderate levels of arousal lead to better performance than do levels of arousal that are too low or too high

A

YERKES DODSON LAW

21
Q

One who needs more arousal than the average person

A

SENSATION SEEKER

22
Q

Things that attract or lure people into action

A

INCENTIVES

23
Q

Theories of motivation in which behavior is explained as a response to the external stimulus and its rewarding properties

A

INCENTIVE APPROACHES

24
Q

The point at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential

A

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

25
Q

Times in a person’s life during which self-actualization is temporarily achieved

A

PEAK EXPERIENCES

26
Q

The social context of an action has an effect on the type of motivation existing for the action

A

SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY

27
Q

Hormones secreted by the pancreas to control levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the bloodstream

A
27
Q

Hormones secreted by the pancreas to control levels of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the bloodstream

A

INSULIN AND GLUCAGON

28
Q

Reduces the level of glucose in the bloodstream

A

INSULIN

29
Q

Increases the level of glucose in the bloodstream

A

GLUCAGON

30
Q

Hormone that signals the hypothalamus that the body has had enough food and reduces the appetite while increasing the feeling of being full

A

LEPTIN

31
Q

Part of the brain that plays role in hunger. Responds to levels of glucose and insulin in the body

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

31
Q

Part of the brain that plays role in hunger. Responds to levels of glucose and insulin in the body

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

32
Q

Part of the brain that plays role in hunger. Responds to levels of glucose and insulin in the body

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

33
Q

The particular level of weight that the body tries to maintain

A

WEIGHT SET POINT

34
Q

The rate at which the body burns energy when the organism is resting

A

BASAL METABOLIC RATE (BMR)

35
Q

The body weight of a person is 20 percent or more over the ideal body weight for that person’s height (actual percent vary across definitions)

A

OBESITY

36
Q

The “feeling” aspect of consciousness characterized by:
– certain physical arousal
– certain behavior that reveals the emotion to the outside world
– inner awareness of feelings

A

EMOTION

37
Q

Which parts of the brain are involved in various aspects of emotion?

A

AMYGDALA, other subcortical and cortical areas

38
Q

Interpreting the subjective feeling by giving it a label

A

LABELING EMOTION

39
Q

A stimulus leads to an emotion, which then leads to bodily arousal

A

COMMON SENSE THEORY

40
Q

A physiological reaction leads to the labeling of an emotion

A

JAMES-LANGE THEORY

41
Q

The physiological reaction and the emotion are assumed to occur at the same time

A

CANNON-BARD THEORY

42
Q

Both the physical arousal and the labeling of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion is experienced

A

COGNITIVE AROUSAL THEORY

43
Q

Facial expressions provide feedback to the brain concerning the emotion being expressed, which in turn causes and intensifies the emotion

A

FACIAL FEEDBACK HYPOTHESIS

44
Q

a stimulus must be interpreted (appraised) by a person in order to result in a physical response and an emotional reaction

A

COGNITIVE MEDIATIONAL THEORY

INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY (8 decks)

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