Chapter 8 Flashcards
Memory
Ability to store and retrieve Information over time
Cognition
The processes of acquiring and using knowledge
Explicit Memory
Conscious memory
Episodic memory
First hand experiences that we have had
Semantic Memory
Our knowledge of facts and concepts about the world
Recall
Ability to pull information from your memory without aids or prompts
Recognition
Examines your ability to recognize previously learned information from amongst several choices
Relearning
Assess how much more quickly Information is processes or learned when it is studied again
Procedural memory
Our knowledge of how to do things(Walking)
Priming
Changes in behaviour as a result of experiences that have happened frequently or recently
Iconic Memory
Visual sensory memory
Echoic Memory
Auditory sensory memory
Central executive
Part of working memory that directs attention and processing
Maintainance Rehearsal
Process of repeating Information mentally or out loud with the goal of keeping it in memory
Chunking
Organizing information into smaller groups
Long Term Memory
Memory storage that can hold information for days, months and years
Encoding
The process by which we place the things we experience into memory
Elaborative Encoding
Processing new Information is ways that make it more relevant.
Forgetting curve
Memory decays rapidly at first and then levels off with time
Spacing effect
Spacing the sections while learning rather than all at once
Overlearning
Continuing to practice and study even when we think we have mastered the level
Retrieval
Process of reactivating information that has been stored in memory
Tip of the tongue phenomenon
We are certain that we know something that we are trying to recall but cannot quite come up with it
Context dependent learning
Learning through being in a environment that matched with the desires behaviour
Primary effect
Remembering stimuli that are presented early in the list
Recency List
Remembering stimuli that are presented later in the list
Where are memories stored
LTM
Categories
Networks of associated memories that have features in common with eachother
Activation
Activation of one element of a category activates other associated elements
Amnesia
A memory disorder that involves the ability to remember information
Retrograde Amnesia
Problems remembering things that happened in the past
Anterograde Amnesia
Inability to transfer Information from short term into long term memory
Cognitive Bias
Errors in memory or judgment that are caused by the inappropriate use of cognitive processes
Source Monitoring
Ability to accurately identify the source of memory
Sleeper effect
Attitude change that occurs over time when we forger the source of Information
Conformation Bias
Tendency to verify and confirm our existing memories rather than to challenge and disconfirm them
Representative Heuristic
Basing judgments on information that seems to represent what will happen. Ignoring Facts
Cognitive Accessibility
Extent to which knowledge is activated in memory, and thus likely to be used in cognition and behaviour
Conterfactual thinking
what might have been
Misinformation effect
Tendency for post event information to interfere with the memory of the original event.
Hyperthymesia
Ability to remember abnormally large number of their life experiences in vivid detail
