Chapter 8

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Ability to store and retrieve Information over time

Question 2

Cognition

Answer 2

The processes of acquiring and using knowledge

Question 3

Explicit Memory

Answer 3

Conscious memory

Question 4

Episodic memory

Answer 4

First hand experiences that we have had

Question 5

Semantic Memory

Answer 5

Our knowledge of facts and concepts about the world

Question 6

Recall

Answer 6

Ability to pull information from your memory without aids or prompts

Question 7

Recognition

Answer 7

Examines your ability to recognize previously learned information from amongst several choices

Question 8

Relearning

Answer 8

Assess how much more quickly Information is processes or learned when it is studied again

Question 9

Procedural memory

Answer 9

Our knowledge of how to do things(Walking)

Question 10

Priming

Answer 10

Changes in behaviour as a result of experiences that have happened frequently or recently

Question 11

Iconic Memory

Answer 11

Visual sensory memory

Question 12

Echoic Memory

Answer 12

Auditory sensory memory

Question 13

Central executive

Answer 13

Part of working memory that directs attention and processing

Question 14

Maintainance Rehearsal

Answer 14

Process of repeating Information mentally or out loud with the goal of keeping it in memory

Question 15

Chunking

Answer 15

Organizing information into smaller groups

Question 16

Long Term Memory

Answer 16

Memory storage that can hold information for days, months and years

Question 17

Encoding

Answer 17

The process by which we place the things we experience into memory

Question 18

Elaborative Encoding

Answer 18

Processing new Information is ways that make it more relevant.

Question 19

Forgetting curve

Answer 19

Memory decays rapidly at first and then levels off with time

Question 20

Spacing effect

Answer 20

Spacing the sections while learning rather than all at once

Question 21

Overlearning

Answer 21

Continuing to practice and study even when we think we have mastered the level

Question 22

Retrieval

Answer 22

Process of reactivating information that has been stored in memory

Question 23

Tip of the tongue phenomenon

Answer 23

We are certain that we know something that we are trying to recall but cannot quite come up with it

Question 24

Context dependent learning

Answer 24

Learning through being in a environment that matched with the desires behaviour

Question 25

Primary effect

Answer 25

Remembering stimuli that are presented early in the list

Question 26

Recency List

Answer 26

Remembering stimuli that are presented later in the list

Question 27

Where are memories stored

Answer 27

LTM

Question 28

Categories

Answer 28

Networks of associated memories that have features in common with eachother

Question 29

Activation

Answer 29

Activation of one element of a category activates other associated elements

Question 30

Amnesia

Answer 30

A memory disorder that involves the ability to remember information

Question 31

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 31

Problems remembering things that happened in the past

Question 32

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 32

Inability to transfer Information from short term into long term memory

Question 33

Cognitive Bias

Answer 33

Errors in memory or judgment that are caused by the inappropriate use of cognitive processes

Question 34

Source Monitoring

Answer 34

Ability to accurately identify the source of memory

Question 35

Sleeper effect

Answer 35

Attitude change that occurs over time when we forger the source of Information

Question 36

Conformation Bias

Answer 36

Tendency to verify and confirm our existing memories rather than to challenge and disconfirm them

Question 37

Representative Heuristic

Answer 37

Basing judgments on information that seems to represent what will happen. Ignoring Facts

Question 38

Cognitive Accessibility

Answer 38

Extent to which knowledge is activated in memory, and thus likely to be used in cognition and behaviour

Question 39

Conterfactual thinking

Answer 39

what might have been

Question 40

Misinformation effect

Answer 40

Tendency for post event information to interfere with the memory of the original event.

Question 41

Hyperthymesia

Answer 41

Ability to remember abnormally large number of their life experiences in vivid detail