Chapter 6 Flashcards
Sensation
Awareness resulting from the stimulation of a sense organ
Perception
Organization and interpretation of sensations
Transduction
Conversion of stimuli detected by receptor cells to electrical impulses that are then transported to the brain
Sensitivity
True Ability of the individual to detect the presence or absence of signals
Electromagnetic energy
Pulses of energy waves that can carry information from place to place
Cornea
Clear covering that protects the eye and begins to focus the incoming light
Pupil
A small opening in the centre of the eye
Iris
The coloured part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil by constricting or dilating in response to light intensity
Lens
Focuses the incoming light
Retina
Contains photoreceptor cells. Rays from the bottom hit the top of retina. From the right hit the left part of the retina, which causes image on the retina to be upside down
Visual Accomodation
Process of changing the curvature of the Lens to keep the light entering the eye focussed on the retina
Nearsighted
Objects near look fine, objects far are blurry
Farsighted
Can see distant objects clearly, objects are close look blurry
Rods and Cones
Receptor cells in retina
Bipolar and Ganglion cells
These cells gather together and converge, like the strands of a rope, forming the optic nerve
Optic Nerve
Collection of ganglion cells that sends vast amounts of visual information via the thalamus to the brain
Fovea
Central point of retina
Cones
Visual neurons that are specialized in detecting fine detail and colours
Rods
Visual Neurons that specialize in detecting edges of figures by comparing shaded of black white and gray
Blind spot
Area in the retina where the optic nerve exits the eye and no photoreceptors are present
Long cones
Long wavelengths(Red)
Medium Cones
Medium Wavelenghts(green)
Short Cones
Short Wavelengths(blue)
Proximity
Grouping figures together
Continuity
Perceive stimuli in smooth, continuous ways rather than in more discontinuous ways
Closure
We tend to fill in gaps in an incomplete image to create a complete, whole object
Depth Perception
Ability to perceive 3d same and accurately judge distance
Pinna
External and visible part of the ear
Ear drum
Are at the end of the canal. Sound waves strike it which vibrates the waves
Cochlea
Vibrations cause the oval window on the outside of the cochlea to disturb the fluid inside
Oval window
Membrane covering the cochlea
Cilia
Movements of the fluid in the cochlea triggers impulses of the neurons atatched to cilia. The impulses are sent to the auditory nerve ands then to auditory cortex in the brain
Conductive hearing loss
Caused by physical damage to ear
Sensorineural hearing loss
Caused by damage to the cilia or the auditory nerve
Cochlear implant
A device made up of a series of electrodes that are placed inside the cochlea
Proprioception
Ability to sense the position and movement of our body parts
Sensory Interaction
The working together of different senses to create experience
Sensory Adaptation
Decreased sensitivity to a stimulus after prolonged and constant exposure
