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Psychology 120 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Nervous System

A

Interconnected cells throughout the body through which messages are sent between the brain and rest of the body

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2
Q

Neuron

A

A cell in the nervous system
Function: To receive and transmit information

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3
Q

Soma

A

Cell body

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4
Q

Dendrite

A

Branching tree like fibre attached to the soma

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5
Q

Axon

A

Long, segment fiber

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6
Q

What does soma contain

A

Nucleus of the cell and keeps the cell alive

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7
Q

Function of dendrite

A

Collects information from other cells and sends the information to Soma

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8
Q

Axon

A

Transmits information away from cell body toward other neutrons or to the muscles and glands

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9
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Layer of fatty tissue surrounding the axon of a neuron that both acts as an insulator and allows faster transmission of the electrical signal

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10
Q

Resting Potential

A

When interior of the neuron contains greater number of negatively charged ions than does the area outside

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11
Q

Action Potential

A

When a neuron receives a signal from another neuron strong enough to pass a certain threshold. Action Potential Starts.

First axon Gates up allowing sodium ions into the axon creating a temporarily positive segment of the axon.

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12
Q

Refractory period

A

Once action potential occurs, the neuron is prevented from repeatedly firing again

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13
Q

Synapses

A

Areas where the terminal buttons at the end of the axon of one neuron nearly but don’t touch the den dries of the other

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14
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

A chemical that relays signals across the synapses between neurons

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15
Q

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

A

They male cell more likely to fire

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16
Q

Inhibitory Neurotransmitter

A

Make the cell less likely to fire

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17
Q

Acetylcholine Neurotrasmitter

A

Affects the muscles. Makes your muscles contract

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18
Q

Dopamine

A

Feeling pleasure. Rush of joy

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19
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter

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20
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

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21
Q

Serotonin

A

Feeling of satisfaction and eating and keeps your appetite in check

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22
Q

Endorphins

A

Body’s natural pain relievers. They can as long boost your mood

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23
Q

Medulla

A

Area of brain stem that controls heart rate and breathing

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24
Q

Pons

A

Structure in the brain stem that control the movements of the body, balance and walking

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25
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Finds out stimuli coming to the brain and relays the remainder of the signals to others areas of the brain. Involves in walking, eating, sexual activity and sleeping

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26
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls voluntary movements

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27
Q

Limbic System

A

Governs emotion and memory

28
Q

Thalamus

A

Filters sensory information that is coming up the spinal cord and through the reticular formation

29
Q

Amygdala

A

Responsible for regulating anger and fear

30
Q

Hippocampus

A

Important in storing information in long term memory

31
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulation of hunger and sexual behaviour. Links nervous to endocrine system

32
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Allows to successfully use language, acquire complex skills, create tools and lives in social groups

33
Q

Glial cells

A

Surround and link to the neurons, protecting them, providing them with nutrients and absorbing unused neurotransmitters

34
Q

Brain Laterization

A

Left Hemisphere controls right.
Right hemisphere controls left

35
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Region of the brain that connects two halves of the brain

36
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Responsible for thinking, plannning judging and memory

37
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Primary for processing for processing information about touch

38
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Processes visual information

39
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Responsible for hearing and language

40
Q

Motor Cortex

A

Situated in frontal lobe, controls and executes movements of the body by sending signal to cerebellums and the spinal cord

41
Q

Somasensory cortex

A

Receives information from skins sensory receptors and the movements of different body parts

42
Q

Neuro plasticity

A

Brians ability to change its structure and function in response to experience or damage

43
Q

Neurogenesis

A

Formation of new neurons

44
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Carries information from sensory receptors

45
Q

Motor Neuron

A

Transmits information to the muscles and glands

46
Q

Interneurons

A

Communicates among other neurons

47
Q

Centeral Nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord charged with responding and interpreting sensory information,

48
Q

Peripheral Nervous system

A

Links the CNS to body’s sense receptors, muscles and glands

49
Q

Autonomic Nervous system

A

Controls internal activities of organs and glands. Like heart rate

50
Q

Somatic Nervous system

A

Voluntary movements

51
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Prepares the body for behaviour, particularly in response to stress, by activating glands in endocrine system. (Arousing)

52
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous system

A

Calming; Slows the heart and breathing by allowing body to recover.

53
Q

Endocrine System

A

Network of glands in our body that make the harmones help talk to each other.

54
Q

Glands

A

Group of cells that function to secrete harmones

55
Q

Harmone

A

Chemical that regulated behaviour

56
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Function: Controls body growth, pain response, signals production of sex harmones, ovulation, mestrual cycle.

57
Q

Pancreas

A

Maintain stores of energy, and regulates blood sugar cells

58
Q

Pineal

A

Helps regulate, wake sleep cycle

59
Q

Thyroid and Parathyroid

A

Determines how quickly the body uses energy and harmones. Controls amount of calcium in blood and bones

60
Q

Adrenal

A

Regulates salt and water balance, metabolism, immune system, sexual development and system

61
Q

Testes

A

Male sexual reproduction and development

62
Q

Ovaries

A

Female sexual reproduction and development

63
Q

EEG

A

Record the electrical activity produced by the brains neurons through the use of electrodes

64
Q

FMRI

A

Brain Scan that uses a magnetic field to create images of brain activity in the each brain area

65
Q

TMS

A

Goal to deactivate a small brain region

Psychology 120 (9 decks)

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