Chapter 5 Flashcards
Nervous System
Interconnected cells throughout the body through which messages are sent between the brain and rest of the body
Neuron
A cell in the nervous system
Function: To receive and transmit information
Soma
Cell body
Dendrite
Branching tree like fibre attached to the soma
Axon
Long, segment fiber
What does soma contain
Nucleus of the cell and keeps the cell alive
Function of dendrite
Collects information from other cells and sends the information to Soma
Axon
Transmits information away from cell body toward other neutrons or to the muscles and glands
Myelin sheath
Layer of fatty tissue surrounding the axon of a neuron that both acts as an insulator and allows faster transmission of the electrical signal
Resting Potential
When interior of the neuron contains greater number of negatively charged ions than does the area outside
Action Potential
When a neuron receives a signal from another neuron strong enough to pass a certain threshold. Action Potential Starts.
First axon Gates up allowing sodium ions into the axon creating a temporarily positive segment of the axon.
Refractory period
Once action potential occurs, the neuron is prevented from repeatedly firing again
Synapses
Areas where the terminal buttons at the end of the axon of one neuron nearly but don’t touch the den dries of the other
Neurotransmitter
A chemical that relays signals across the synapses between neurons
Excitatory Neurotransmitters
They male cell more likely to fire
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter
Make the cell less likely to fire
Acetylcholine Neurotrasmitter
Affects the muscles. Makes your muscles contract
Dopamine
Feeling pleasure. Rush of joy
Glutamate
Excitatory neurotransmitter
GABA
Inhibitory neurotransmitter
Serotonin
Feeling of satisfaction and eating and keeps your appetite in check
Endorphins
Body’s natural pain relievers. They can as long boost your mood
Medulla
Area of brain stem that controls heart rate and breathing
Pons
Structure in the brain stem that control the movements of the body, balance and walking
Reticular Formation
Finds out stimuli coming to the brain and relays the remainder of the signals to others areas of the brain. Involves in walking, eating, sexual activity and sleeping
Cerebellum
Controls voluntary movements
Limbic System
Governs emotion and memory
Thalamus
Filters sensory information that is coming up the spinal cord and through the reticular formation
Amygdala
Responsible for regulating anger and fear
Hippocampus
Important in storing information in long term memory
Hypothalamus
Regulation of hunger and sexual behaviour. Links nervous to endocrine system
Cerebral Cortex
Allows to successfully use language, acquire complex skills, create tools and lives in social groups
Glial cells
Surround and link to the neurons, protecting them, providing them with nutrients and absorbing unused neurotransmitters
Brain Laterization
Left Hemisphere controls right.
Right hemisphere controls left
Corpus Callosum
Region of the brain that connects two halves of the brain
Frontal Lobe
Responsible for thinking, plannning judging and memory
Parietal lobe
Primary for processing for processing information about touch
Occipital Lobe
Processes visual information
Temporal Lobe
Responsible for hearing and language
Motor Cortex
Situated in frontal lobe, controls and executes movements of the body by sending signal to cerebellums and the spinal cord
Somasensory cortex
Receives information from skins sensory receptors and the movements of different body parts
Neuro plasticity
Brians ability to change its structure and function in response to experience or damage
Neurogenesis
Formation of new neurons
Sensory neuron
Carries information from sensory receptors
Motor Neuron
Transmits information to the muscles and glands
Interneurons
Communicates among other neurons
Centeral Nervous system
Brain and spinal cord charged with responding and interpreting sensory information,
Peripheral Nervous system
Links the CNS to body’s sense receptors, muscles and glands
Autonomic Nervous system
Controls internal activities of organs and glands. Like heart rate
Somatic Nervous system
Voluntary movements
Sympathetic Nervous System
Prepares the body for behaviour, particularly in response to stress, by activating glands in endocrine system. (Arousing)
Parasympathetic Nervous system
Calming; Slows the heart and breathing by allowing body to recover.
Endocrine System
Network of glands in our body that make the harmones help talk to each other.
Glands
Group of cells that function to secrete harmones
Harmone
Chemical that regulated behaviour
Pituitary Gland
Function: Controls body growth, pain response, signals production of sex harmones, ovulation, mestrual cycle.
Pancreas
Maintain stores of energy, and regulates blood sugar cells
Pineal
Helps regulate, wake sleep cycle
Thyroid and Parathyroid
Determines how quickly the body uses energy and harmones. Controls amount of calcium in blood and bones
Adrenal
Regulates salt and water balance, metabolism, immune system, sexual development and system
Testes
Male sexual reproduction and development
Ovaries
Female sexual reproduction and development
EEG
Record the electrical activity produced by the brains neurons through the use of electrodes
FMRI
Brain Scan that uses a magnetic field to create images of brain activity in the each brain area
TMS
Goal to deactivate a small brain region
