chapter 8-1

Question 1

water is about … % of adult’s weight in poiunds

Answer 1

60

Question 2

water transports

Answer 2

nutrients throughout the body

Question 3

water carries

Answer 3

wastes away from the cells by blood to the kidneys

Question 4

water is almost a universal

Answer 4

solvent(participates in chemical reactions)

Question 5

water serves as a

Answer 5

shock absorber(cushion) inside the eyes, spinal cord, joints, and placenta

Question 6

water lubricates the

Answer 6

joints, tissues moistened with mucus, and even eyes with tears

Question 7

sweat glands work to keep the

Answer 7

body’s temperature normal

Question 8

as the body becomes too warm, sweat glands release

Answer 8

fluids onto skins surface which evaporate from the skin, cooling the body

Question 9

the body must have adequate___ to sweat and maintain normal body temp

Answer 9

water available

Question 10

during mild dehydration

Answer 10

the body stops sweating
body temp gets to 100-101
brain function becomes compromised at 101

Question 11

if severe dehydration happens body temp rises to

Answer 11

102-106

Question 12

when body temps reach 105-106…

Answer 12

brain cells are damaged or destroyed

Question 13

water imbalances

Answer 13

dehydration
water intoxication

Question 14

thirst and water loss are governed predominately by

Answer 14

brain and kidneys

Question 15

to retain water the hypothalamus responds to

Answer 15

low cellular fluid, concentrated blood particles, and low blood pressure

Question 16

to retain water, signals

Answer 16

thirst signals to brain
pituitary gland to release antidiuretic hormone

Question 17

kidney responds to the antidiuretic hormone and route

Answer 17

water back to blood which in turn concentrates the urine

Question 18

DRI recommendations for water in men

Answer 18

13 cups of fluids per day

Question 19

DRI recommendations for water in women

Answer 19

9 cups of fluids per day

Question 20

fluid intake ranges based on weight…

Answer 20

7-11 cups for normal weight or less
8-12 for normal weight or more

Question 21

how many gallons of water can be lost in a day

Answer 21

2-4

Question 22

fluids are any substance that is

Answer 22

a liquid at room temp (70)

Question 23

fluids or foods which contain alc do not support

Answer 23

hydration needs of the body as well as water, juices or milk

Question 24

metabolic water is the small amt of water produced

Answer 24

in cells

Question 25

normal conditions for flow of water

Answer 25

cell can function normally

Question 26

water intoxication for flow of water

Answer 26

hypotonic solution- too much water, too few particles

Question 27

water dehydration for flow of water

Answer 27

hypertonic solution- too little water, too many particles

Question 28

dehydration can result from

Answer 28

inadequate water intake
too much water loss from diarrhea, high fever, excessive sweat or urination, use of diuretics, or vomiting

Question 29

excessive urination can be caused by

Answer 29

the intake of alc
the symptoms for uncontrolled diabetes
the kidneys efforts to expel excessive amts of salt or water-soluble vitamins

Question 30

diuretics are substances which encourage the kidneys to

Answer 30

expel water (alc, excessive caffeine, salt)

Question 31

after the body enters into the early stages of dehydration, the brain

Answer 31

triggers thirst mechanism and secretion of ADH to reduce urine output by kidneys

Question 32

this pushes the kidneys to concentrate

Answer 32

the waste materials into small amounts of urine.

Question 33

as water volume decreases

Answer 33

blood pressure drops
blood vessels narrow or collapse