chapter 6-3

Question 1

immune system-antibodies- what do they do

Answer 1

destroy one specific invader
participate in allergy reactions

Question 1

body proteins transport what

Answer 1

substances in and out of cells, specifically hemoglobin and lipoproteins

Question 2

fibrin (protein) fibers prevent

Answer 2

forming of blood clots

Question 3

liver produces the majority of

Answer 3

blood proteins

Question 4

albumin is what percentage of liver production

Answer 4

60%

Question 5

kwashiorkor

Answer 5

protein/energy malnutrition

Question 6

lack or loss of large blood proteins results in

Answer 6

drop of osmotic pressure which allows too much water to leave the blood vessels

Question 7

edema is squishy wet tissues holding

Answer 7

too much water around the outside of the cells

Question 8

the starting point for protein to provide energy is the

Answer 8

individual amino acid

Question 9

once the amine group is removed, the remaining structure is called a

Answer 9

keto acid

Question 10

depending on which keto acid is present, it can be converted into

Answer 10

a substances and enter into carb energy pathway

Question 11

using protein for energy prevents it from

Answer 11

serving in any other protein function

Question 12

if an amino acid is used for energy it must have its

Answer 12

amine group removed

Question 13

after removing the amine group the cells send

Answer 13

a substance containing the amine group to the liver

Question 14

if the liver is damaged excessive amount of

Answer 14

ammonia could build up in the blood

Question 15

excessive amounts of ammonia act as a

Answer 15

sedative to the brain which could cause coma and death

Question 16

liver cells do not store

Answer 16

urea, they release it back into the blood

Question 17

kidney cells filter the

Answer 17

urea out of the blood, into the urine, and send it to the urinary bladder

Question 18

when excess protein is consumed or when carb and/or calories intake is too low

Answer 18

excessive urea is generated

Question 19

excessive urea irritates membranes of

Answer 19

kidney cells

Question 20

amino acids become part of

Answer 20

protein

Question 21

amino acids can be converted into

Answer 21

a different amino acid

Question 22

amino acids make

Answer 22

a needed compound

Question 23

amino aids dismantle

Answer 23

amino acid for component parts and use portions for energy(wasting)

Question 24

four conditions that cause the wasting of amino acids

Answer 24

inadequate amount of energy available for body less than 130g carbs consumed excessive amt of protein too few essential amino acids consumed

Question 25

protein supplements do not

Answer 25

improve performance and are not effective for weight loss

Question 26

amino acid supplements are designed to work with

Answer 26

whole proteins

Question 27

no safe level of

Answer 27

amino acid supplementation

Question 28

protein and amino acids supplied in excess of body needs would be converted into

Answer 28

glycogen or fat used or stored

Question 29

concentrated sources of amino acids could block the

Answer 29

absorption of other amino acids causing the the limiting amino acid issue which prevent porteins from being made

Question 30

all amino acids needed to make a protein MUST be

Answer 30

present at the time protein is made

Question 31

missing just one amino acid will cause the

Answer 31

incomplete protein fragment to be taken apart

Question 32

if limiting amino acid is not obtain, the needed protein will

Answer 32

not be made and the unused amino acids will be wasted as their amine groups are removed

Question 33

adults protein intake grams per kilo body weight

Answer 33

.8-1.6

Question 34

athletes protein intake grams per kilo body weight

Answer 34

1.2-1.7g to 1.2-1.4

Question 35

nitrogen balance is the

Answer 35

amount of protein consumed= amount of protein (nitrogen) excreted

Question 36

positive balance is where more nitrogen is

Answer 36

retained than is excreted

Question 37

negative balance is where more nitrogen is

Answer 37

excreted than consumed

Question 38

complete (high-quality) proteins

Answer 38

almost all animal products are complete because they contain all of the 9 essential amino acids

Question 39

incomplete (low-quality) proteins

Answer 39

all plant products because they are missing one or more of the essential amino acids

Question 40

animal products are the

Answer 40

easiest to digest and to absorb amino acids from these foods

Question 41

100% of amino acids are

Answer 41

digested and absorbed from cooked egg whites and heat-treated milk

Question 42

plant products are not as easy to

Answer 42

digest and not as easy to absorb amino acids from foods due to fiber and other substances presents

Question 43

legumes are what percentage of amino acids that are digested and absorbed

Answer 43

80-90%

Question 44

grains, vegetables, nuts, seeds are what percentages of amino acids that are digested and absorbed

Answer 44

70-90%

Question 45

better absorption if protein sources are cooked using

Answer 45

moist heat

Question 46

poorer absorption if protein sources are

Answer 46

raw or cooked using dry heat

Question 47

incomplete plant proteins work together to

Answer 47

supply the missing essential amino acids

Question 48

eating too little protein may lead to

Answer 48

reduction of lean body mass, risk of increased frailty, impaired healing, decreased immune function

Question 49

PEM is

Answer 49

inadequate cals and/or protein very serious in children

Question 50

factors of PEM

Answer 50

poverty, poor food quality, insufficient food, unsanitary living conditions ignorance, stoppling lactation too early

Question 51

marasmus is

Answer 51

chronic form of PEM