chapter 6-2 Flashcards
denaturation is the alteration of
a protein’s shape which changes the structure and function of the protein
foods that usually denature proteins
heat
acids
bases
alcohol
radiation
stomach makes and release
hydrochloric acid
pepsin(protein digesting enzymes, digestion)
hydrochloric acid does what
denatures proteins and activates pepsin
the pancreas makes and releases
bicarbonate ions
proteases(protein digesting enzymes, digestion)
bicarbonate ions do what
neutralize acidic chyme
raises the pH
denature pepsin which stops it from working in small intestine
small intestine cells make
proteases (protein digesting enzymes, digestion)
small intestine cells make and release
dipeptidases and tripeptidases (protein digesting enzymes, digestion)
the pH level actives
pepsin and makes it possible for it to work
in the small intestine, pepsin is denatured by
bicarbonate ions from the pancreas
the goal of successful protein digestion and absorption is
single amino acids drawn across the cell membrane
as amino acids are actively absorbed across the cell membranes…
they are picked up by amino acid carriers and transported to blood vessels
after amino acids reach the blood vessels,
the blood vessels will take the amino acids to the liver before they are routed to the heart
if amino acid misses its section where it should be absorbed in the small intestine…
it will travel on to the colon
competition for absorption sites results in
absorbing excessive amounts of some amino acids while blocking essential from absorption
the active transport sites with more favored amino acids which prevent
the other amino acids from being absorbed
the absorption of excessive amts of more favored amino acids results in
the liver converting excess amino acids into glucose, glycogen, and/or fat for energy use
(this is considered wasting amino acids)
protein fragments are short chains of
amino acids from partially digest proteins
proteins fragments could slip past the
digestive tract barrier and can serve as a form of communication to tell the body
food allergy issues can occur because of
immature status of the small intestine during the first 6 months after birth
gi tract cells slough off into the tract at the end of every
3-5 days
a spiraling cycle of fewer and fewer GI tract cells would result in
less and less nutrients entering the body which results in less building materials and energy sources
fewer and fewer GI tract cells available result in
loss of protein and carb digestive enzymes produces
loss of absorption sites
less energy and nutrients absorbed
more nutrients exit the body in fecal material
protein turnover
continuous breakdown and synthesis of body proteins
