chapter 7-2

Question 1

early sign of vitamin A deficiency

Answer 1

night blindness

Question 2

deficiency of vitamin A is the product of

Answer 2

keratin leading to keratinization

Question 3

keratin is produce by

Answer 3

cornea cells

Question 4

one of the early stage of keratinization is

Answer 4

Bitot’s spots in its mildest form

Question 5

keratinization leads to

Answer 5

xerosis ending in zerophtalmia

Question 6

keratin protein characteristics

Answer 6

dry, firm, possibly cloudy cells

Question 7

xerophthalmia in final stages

Answer 7

infection
hemorrhage
permanent blindess

Question 8

vitamin A is required to maintain

Answer 8

the healthy epithelial tissue

Question 9

vitamin A deficiency affects

Answer 9

gene regulation/gene expression

Question 10

numerous types of cells and the immune system are affected by vitamin A deficiency, resulting in

Answer 10

the body becomes vulnerable to infection
downward spiral of malnutrition and infectionblindess

Question 11

Vitamin A participates in

Answer 11

sperm development

Question 12

Vitamin A supports

Answer 12

normal fetal development

Question 13

vitamin A works with

Answer 13

osteoclasts to prepare the bone surface for new growth

Question 14

vitamins D and K work with osteoblasts to add

Answer 14

calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and fluoride into new bone layer for growth repair and maintenance

Question 15

excessive vitamin A could

Answer 15

push too much removal of the layers of bone faster than new ones could be formed.
can thin and weaken bones

Question 16

vitamin A toxicity is

Answer 16

one of the two most toxic vitamins

Question 17

possible causes of vitamin A toxicity

Answer 17

supplements and fortified foods
fish oil supplements
limit liver to abt 4 ounces every 14-15 days

Question 18

higher risk groups for vitamin A toxicity include

Answer 18

pregnant women
toddlers and children
adolescents

Question 19

beta-carotene food sources

Answer 19

dark green and dark yellow veggies and fruits

Question 20

functions of beta carotene

Answer 20

precursors for vitamin A
an antioxidant protecting macula from oxidative damage

Question 21

carotenoid are often stored in

Answer 21

the layer of fat just under the skin

Question 22

vitamin D is one of the two

Answer 22

most toxic vitamins

Question 23

vitamin D’s precursor

Answer 23

cholesterol within the skin

Question 24

functions of vitamin D

Answer 24

aids bone and body growth
stimulates maturation of cells

Question 25

calcium regulation

Answer 25

encourages the GI tract to absorb more calcium and phosphorus
helps the kidneys reabsorb calcium and recycle it back in the body
releases calcium from storage in bones

Question 26

vitamin D deficiencies

Answer 26

rickets seen in children
osteomalacia in adults

Question 27

what is rickets?

Answer 27

bones are inadequately mineralized with calcium and phosphorus causing them to weaken and leads to bowed legs

Question 28

rickets can cause

Answer 28

joints and head of child to enlarge
hips to dislocate
poor mineralization of teeth