Chapter 7 - Waves and Sound

Question 1

Sinusoidal waves

Answer 1

Particles oscillate back and forth with a displacement that follows sinusoidal pattern

Question 2

Transverse waves

Answer 2

Direction of particle oscillation is perpendicular to propagation of wave
- Electromagnetic waves

Question 3

Longitudinal waves

Answer 3

Particles of wave oscillate parallel to the direction of propagation
- sound waves

Question 4

Wavelength

Answer 4

Distance from one crest (maximum) of wave to the next

Question 5

Frequency

Answer 5

Number of wavelengths passing fixed point per second

Question 6

Displacement

Answer 6

How far a particular point on the wave is from the equilibrium position

Question 7

Amplitude

Answer 7

maximum magnitude of displacement in a wave

Question 8

Phase difference

Answer 8

How “in step” or “out of step” waves are
- In phase: crests/troughs coincide

Question 9

Principle of Superposition

Answer 9

States that when waves interact with each other, the displacement of the resultant wave at any point is the sum of the displacements of the 2 interacting waves

Question 10

Constructive interference

Answer 10

Waves perfectly in phase; resultant wave has amplitude equal to the sum of the amplitudes of the 2 waves

Question 11

Destructive interference

Answer 11

2 equal waves are exactly 180 degrees out of phase; resultant wave has 0 amplitude

Question 12

Traveling wave

Answer 12

Moving wave

Question 13

Standing wave

Answer 13

Waveforms with steady nodes and antinodes formed from the interference of incident and reflected waves at a boundary

Question 14

Nodes

Answer 14

Points that remain at rest

Question 15

Antinodes

Answer 15

Midway between nodes that fluctuate with maximum amplitude

Question 16

Resonance

Answer 16

Oscillation at maximum amplitude as the result of a periodically applied force at the natural frequency of an object

Question 17

Timbre

Answer 17

Quality of sound

Question 18

Attentuation

Answer 18

Decrease in amplitude of the wave caused by applied or nonconservative force

Question 19

Sound

Answer 19

Longitudinal wave transmitted by the oscillation of particles in a deformable medium

Question 20

Pitch

Answer 20

Perception of the frequency of sound

Question 21

Doppler Effect

Answer 21

Difference between actual frequency of a sound and its perceived frequency when the source of the sound and the sound’s detector are moving relative to one another

Question 22

Fundamental frequency

Answer 22

Lowest frequency (longest wavelength) of a standing wave that can be supported in a given length of string