Chapter 1 - Kinematics and Dynamics Flashcards
Base Units
Standard units around which the system itself is designed
Derived Units
Created by associating base units with each other
Vectors
Numbers that have magnitude and direction
- Displacement, velocity, acceleration, force
Scalars
Numbers that have magnitude only, no direction
- Distance, speed, energy, pressure, mass
Displacement
Change in position in space
- Vector
Velocity
Rate of change of displacement in a given unit of time
- Vector
Force
Pushing or pulling on objects
- Vector
Gravity
Attractive force felt by all forms of matter
Friction
Force that opposes the movement of objects
Static Friction
Exists between stationary object and the surface upon which it rests
Normal Force
component of the force between 2 objects in contact that is perpendicular to the plane of contact between the object and the surface it rests on
Kinetic Friction
Exists between a sliding object and the surface over which it slides
Mass
Amount of matter in an object
- Scalar
Weight
Measure of gravitational force on an object’s mass
- Vector
Acceleration
rate of change of velocity that an object experiences as a result of some applied force
- Vector
Law of Inertia (First Law)
A body either at rest or in motion with constant velocity will remain that way unless a net force acts upon it
Second Law
An object of mass m will accelerate when the vector sum of the forces results in some nonzero resultant force vector
Third Law
To every action, there is always an opposed but equal reaction
Linear Motion
Object’s velocity and acceleration are along the lines of motion, so the pathway of the moving object continues along a straight line
Terminal Velocity
Velocity at which air resistance is equal to gravitational force and no acceleration occurs for an object in free fall
Projectile Motion
Motion that follows a path along 2 dimensions
Circular Motion
Occurs when forces cause an object to move in a circular pathway
Uniform Circular Motion
Instantaneous velocity vector is always tangent to the circular path
Centripetal Force
Keeps object from breaking circular pathway
Dynamics
Study of forces and torques
Translational Equilibrium
Exists only when the vector sum of all of the forces acting on an object is 0
Rotational Motion
occurs when forces are applied against an object in such a way as to cause the object to rotate around a fixed pivot point (fulcrum)
Torque
Movement of force
Rotational Equilibrium
Exists only when the vector sum of all the torques acting on an object is 0
