Chapter 4 - Fluids

Question 1

Fluids

Answer 1

Characterized by their ability to flow and conform to the shapes of their containers

Question 2

Solids

Answer 2

Retain shape independent of their containers

Question 3

Density

Answer 3

Ratio of mass to volume
- Scalar

Question 4

Pressure

Answer 4

Ratio of force per unit area
- Scalar

Question 5

Atmospheric pressure

Answer 5

Changes with altitude

Question 6

Absolute (hydrostatic) pressure

Answer 6

Total pressure that is exerted on an object that is submerged in fluid

Question 7

Gauge pressure

Answer 7

Difference between absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure

Question 8

Hydrostatics

Answer 8

Study of fluids at rest and the forces and pressures associated with standing fluids

Question 9

Pascal’s Principle

Answer 9

States that pressure applied to a noncompressible fluid is distributed equally to all points within that fluid and the walls of the container

Question 10

Hydraulic Systems

Answer 10

Take advantage of the near incompressibility of liquids to generate mechanical advantage

Question 11

Archimedes Principle

Answer 11

States that a body wholly or partially immersed in a fluid will be buoyed upwards by a force equal to the weight of the fluid that it displaces

Question 12

Surface Tension

Answer 12

Causes liquid to form thin but strong layer on liquid’s surface

Question 13

Cohesion

Answer 13

Attractive force a molecule of a liquid feels toward other molecules of the same liquid

Question 14

Adhesion

Answer 14

Attractive force a molecule of a liquid feels toward molecules of other substance

Question 15

Fluid Dynamics

Answer 15

Study of fluids in motion

Question 16

Viscosity

Answer 16

Resistance of a fluid to flow

Question 17

Viscous drag

Answer 17

Nonconservative force analogous to air resistance

Question 18

Laminar Flow

Answer 18

Smooth and orderly; modeled as layers of fluid that flow parallel to each other

Question 19

Eddies

Answer 19

Swirls of fluid of varying sizes occurring typically on the downstream side

Question 20

Linear Speed

Answer 20

Linear displacement of fluid particles in a given amount of time

Question 21

Continuity Equation

Answer 21

Fluids will flow more quickly through narrow passages and more slowly through wider ones

Question 22

Bernoulli’s Equation

Answer 22

The sum of the static and dynamic pressure will be constant within a closed container for an incompressible fluid not experiencing viscous drag