Chapter 7 - Voice

Question 1

Fundamental Frequency is

Answer 1

the individual’s habitual or typical pitch

its the lowest F and first harmonic

Question 2

F perturbation or jitter is

Answer 2

with a vowel the voice sounds hoarse and will have large amounts of jitter

no pathology = 1% jitter

Question 3

Amplitude perturbation or shimmer is

Answer 3

cycle to cycle variation of vocal intensity and is in relation to loudness

more then 1 dB of variation is dysphonic

poor VF vibration

Question 4

Visipitch is used to

Answer 4

measure dynamic range intensity frequency variability pitch and loudness

Question 5

An s/z ratio of more than 1.4 is indicative of

Answer 5

possible laryngeal pathology

Question 6

MPT for kids vs adult

Answer 6

kid is 15-17 and adult is 20-25 sec

Question 7

Men vs women MFF

Answer 7

men is 100-150 Hz and women is 190-250 Hz

Question 8

Which sounds would be affected because of VPI?

Answer 8

fricatives affricates and plosives because reduces introral breath pressure

Question 9

Functional vs organic problems

Answer 9

Functional is no physical reason but the pt has made it a habit

Organic is because of physical problems
cleft palate - hypernasal

Question 10

what is the etiology of VPI?

Answer 10

-neuro, structural, or learned

Question 11

Major causes of VPI are

Answer 11

decreased muscle mass of the velum

adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy (usually they didnt have any mass already)

Paresis or paralysis of the velum which reduces its mobility so it is unable to assist in achieving adequate closure

Question 12

What is cut de sac resonance?

Answer 12

tongue is too far posteriorly (deaf people and neuro disorders) making the oral cavity partially closed at the back and opened in the front

muffled or hallowed

Question 13

How do you treat hypo nasality/

Answer 13

Focusing- directing of the tone into the facial mask into nasal bridge

nasal glide stimulation

visual aids

Question 14

There are two methods of esophageal speech

Answer 14

injection method: pt impounds air in the mouth to esophagus and then expelled - belch

Inhalation method: inhale rapidly while keeping the esophagus open and relaxed

both vibrate soft tissues of the esophagus

Question 15

Blom Singer Tracheoesophageal punter (TEP) is a surgically implanted device and is used how

Answer 15

a shunt or tunnel connects the two structures the patient exhales and occludes the stoma with a finger which sets the esophagus into vibration

Question 16

Review the diff types of problems with the VFs

Answer 16

Granuloma: localized, inflammatory vascular lesion in the posterior laryngeal area (usually with contact ulcers)

papilloma: wart like growth from HPV and found anywhere in the airway

Hemangioma: similar to granuloma but have blood and posterior glottal area

Leukoplakia: benign growth of white patches - precancer- and hours

hyperkeratosis-pink lesion that can be found anywhere- precursor to malignancy

laryngomalacia-congenital stridor epiglottis is weak

Question 17

laryngeal web occurs where

Answer 17

anterior portion of the glottis

surgically removed and put a keel in

Question 18

Paradoxical VF motion

Answer 18

inappropriate closure or adduction of the true VFs during inhalation exhalation or both

Question 19

ankylosis

Answer 19

stiffening of arytenoid causes them not to close fully

Question 20

Review vocally abusive things that happen to VF

Answer 20

nodules: reddish or pink but in anterior to middle and usually bilateral `

Polyps: unilateral fluid or vascular budge

ulcers: by contact and from slamming together of the arytenoid cartilages or GI