Chapter 7 Vocabulary

Question 1

Coral Reefs

Answer 1

Formation produced by massive colonies containing billions of polyps

Question 2

Polyps

Answer 2

Tiny animals that slowly build reefs by secreting a protective crust of limestone around their soft bodies

Question 3

Salinity

Answer 3

the amount of various salts dissolved in a given volume of water

Question 4

Phytoplankton

Answer 4

Small, drifting plants, mostly algae and bacteria, found in aquatic ecosystems

Question 5

Ultraplankton

Answer 5

Photosynthetic bacteria no more than 2 micrometers wide

Question 6

Nekton

Answer 6

Strongly swimming organisms found in aquatic systems

Question 7

Benthos

Answer 7

Bottom-dwelling organisms

Question 8

Euphotic Zone

Answer 8

Upper layer of a body of water through which sunlight can penetrate and support photosynthesis

Question 9

Coastal Zone

Answer 9

Warm, nutrient-rich, shallow part of the ocean that extends from the high-tide mark on land to the edge of a shelflike extension of continental land masses known as the continental shelf

Question 10

Continental Shelf

Answer 10

submerged part of the continents

Question 11

Estuary

Answer 11

a partially enclosed area of coastal water where seawater mixes with freshwater and nutrients from rivers, streams, and runoff from land

Question 12

Coastal Wetlands

Answer 12

Land areas covered with water all or part of the year

Question 13

Mangrove Forest

Answer 13

forest with trees that can grow in salt water

Question 14

Intertidal Zone

Answer 14

Area of shoreline between low and high tides

Question 15

Barrier Islands

Answer 15

low, narrow, sandy islands that form offshore from a coastline

Question 16

Open Sea

Answer 16

The part of the ocean that is beyond the continental shelf

Question 17

Bathyal Zone

Answer 17

dimly lit middle zone that does not contain photosynthesizing producers because of a lack of sunlight

Question 18

Abyssal Zone

Answer 18

Lowest zone, dark and very cold that has little dissolved oxygen

Question 19

Freshwater Life Zones

Answer 19

Aquatic systems where water with a dissolved salt concentration of less than 1% by volume accumulates on or flows through the surface of terrestrial biomes. Ex.) lakes, ponds, streams, rivers

Question 20

Lakes

Answer 20

Large natural body of standing freshwater formed when water from precipitation, land runoff, or groundwater flow fills a depression in the earth created by glaciation, earth movement, volcanic activity, or a giant meteorite

Question 21

Littoral Zone

Answer 21

Top layer
Shallow sunlight waters near the shore to the depth at which rooted plants stop growing. High biological diversity and has adequate nutrients from bottom sediments

Question 22

Limnetic Zone

Answer 22

The open, sunlit water surface layer away from the shore that extends to the depth penetrated by sunlight

Question 23

Profundal Zone

Answer 23

The deep, ocean water where it is too dark for photosynthesis. Low oxygen levels

Question 24

Benthic Zone

Answer 24

Bottom of the lake

Mostly decomposers and detritus feeders and fish that swim from one zone to the other inhabit it.

Question 25

Olitotrophic Lakes

Answer 25

Lake with a low supply of plant nutrients

Question 26

Eutrophic Lakes

Answer 26

Lake with a large or excessive supply of plant nutrients, mostly nitrates and phosphates.

Question 27

Surface Water

Answer 27

Precipitation that does not infiltrate the ground or return to the atmosphere by evaporation or transpiration

Question 28

Runoff

Answer 28

Freshwater from precipitation that and melting ice that flows on the earth's surface into nearby water.

Question 29

Watershed (drainage basin)

Answer 29

Land area that delivers water, sediment, and dissolved substances via small streams to a major stream (river)

Question 30

Floodplain Zone

Answer 30

In this zone, Streams join into wider and deeper rivers that meander across broad, flat valleys. Water has high temperatures and less dissolved oxygen

Question 31

Inland Wetlands

Answer 31

lands covered with freshwater all or part of the time (not lakes, reservoirs, and streams) and located away from coastal areas

Question 32

Marshes

Answer 32

Dominated by grasses and reeds with a few trees

Question 33

Swamps

Answer 33

Dominated by trees and shrubs

Question 34

Seasonal Wetlands

Answer 34

land that is underwater or soggy only for a short period of time each year.

Question 35

Are coral reefs plants or animals?

Answer 35

animals

Question 36

What can live inside these reefs?

Answer 36

plants

Question 37

What are the two kinds of reefs?

Answer 37

Hard and soft corals

Question 38

What do hard corals do?

Answer 38

Build reefs

Question 39

What are coral reefs made of what does this object look like?

Answer 39

They are made of tiny polyps | They look like upside-down jellyfish

Question 40

What are Hard corals made of and what do polyps do?

Answer 40

Polyps build hard limestone cups around their bases The cups cement together to make a coral colony Reefs are made of hundreds of hard coral colonies next to and on top of each other

Question 41

What is a Polyp? | What do tentacles release when something brushes by them?

Answer 41

Tentacles release stinging cells when something brushes by them Polyps make their own limestone cup to hide in during the day At night, polyps come out to catch plankton floating by

Question 42

Where do zooxanthellae live? | What are they and what are their jobs?

Answer 42

Inside polyps They are algae Give coral their color

Question 43

What process does algae use to make food?

Answer 43

Photosynthesis

Question 44

What is symbiosis?

Answer 44

When two organisms are living together and help each other

Question 45

What do zooxanthella do for polyps?

Answer 45

make oxygen, remove their waste, and make food for them by photosynthesis

Question 46

What do coral polyps do for zooxanthella?

Answer 46

protect them, release CO2, and provide them with necessary nutrients from its waste

Question 47

Are coral stable animals or do little things affect them? Provide reason.

Answer 47

little things affect them Without proper light and temperature, they will die. It only tames 1-2 degrees in some cases and global warming effects coral.