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AP Environmental Science > Chapter 7 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Vocabulary Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Coral Reefs

A

Formation produced by massive colonies containing billions of polyps

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2
Q

Polyps

A

Tiny animals that slowly build reefs by secreting a protective crust of limestone around their soft bodies

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3
Q

Salinity

A

the amount of various salts dissolved in a given volume of water

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4
Q

Phytoplankton

A

Small, drifting plants, mostly algae and bacteria, found in aquatic ecosystems

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5
Q

Ultraplankton

A

Photosynthetic bacteria no more than 2 micrometers wide

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6
Q

Nekton

A

Strongly swimming organisms found in aquatic systems

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7
Q

Benthos

A

Bottom-dwelling organisms

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8
Q

Euphotic Zone

A

Upper layer of a body of water through which sunlight can penetrate and support photosynthesis

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9
Q

Coastal Zone

A

Warm, nutrient-rich, shallow part of the ocean that extends from the high-tide mark on land to the edge of a shelflike extension of continental land masses known as the continental shelf

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10
Q

Continental Shelf

A

submerged part of the continents

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11
Q

Estuary

A

a partially enclosed area of coastal water where seawater mixes with freshwater and nutrients from rivers, streams, and runoff from land

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12
Q

Coastal Wetlands

A

Land areas covered with water all or part of the year

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13
Q

Mangrove Forest

A

forest with trees that can grow in salt water

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14
Q

Intertidal Zone

A

Area of shoreline between low and high tides

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15
Q

Barrier Islands

A

low, narrow, sandy islands that form offshore from a coastline

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16
Q

Open Sea

A

The part of the ocean that is beyond the continental shelf

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17
Q

Bathyal Zone

A

dimly lit middle zone that does not contain photosynthesizing producers because of a lack of sunlight

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18
Q

Abyssal Zone

A

Lowest zone, dark and very cold that has little dissolved oxygen

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19
Q

Freshwater Life Zones

A

Aquatic systems where water with a dissolved salt concentration of less than 1% by volume accumulates on or flows through the surface of terrestrial biomes. Ex.) lakes, ponds, streams, rivers

20
Q

Lakes

A

Large natural body of standing freshwater formed when water from precipitation, land runoff, or groundwater flow fills a depression in the earth created by glaciation, earth movement, volcanic activity, or a giant meteorite

21
Q

Littoral Zone

A

Top layer
Shallow sunlight waters near the shore to the depth at which rooted plants stop growing. High biological diversity and has adequate nutrients from bottom sediments

22
Q

Limnetic Zone

A

The open, sunlit water surface layer away from the shore that extends to the depth penetrated by sunlight

23
Q

Profundal Zone

A

The deep, ocean water where it is too dark for photosynthesis. Low oxygen levels

24
Q

Benthic Zone

A

Bottom of the lake

Mostly decomposers and detritus feeders and fish that swim from one zone to the other inhabit it.

25
Q

Olitotrophic Lakes

A

Lake with a low supply of plant nutrients

26
Q

Eutrophic Lakes

A

Lake with a large or excessive supply of plant nutrients, mostly nitrates and phosphates.

27
Q

Surface Water

A

Precipitation that does not infiltrate the ground or return to the atmosphere by evaporation or transpiration

28
Q

Runoff

A

Freshwater from precipitation that and melting ice that flows on the earth’s surface into nearby water.

29
Q

Watershed (drainage basin)

A

Land area that delivers water, sediment, and dissolved substances via small streams to a major stream (river)

30
Q

Floodplain Zone

A

In this zone, Streams join into wider and deeper rivers that meander across broad, flat valleys. Water has high temperatures and less dissolved oxygen

31
Q

Inland Wetlands

A

lands covered with freshwater all or part of the time (not lakes, reservoirs, and streams) and located away from coastal areas

32
Q

Marshes

A

Dominated by grasses and reeds with a few trees

33
Q

Swamps

A

Dominated by trees and shrubs

34
Q

Seasonal Wetlands

A

land that is underwater or soggy only for a short period of time each year.

35
Q

Are coral reefs plants or animals?

A

animals

36
Q

What can live inside these reefs?

A

plants

37
Q

What are the two kinds of reefs?

A

Hard and soft corals

38
Q

What do hard corals do?

A

Build reefs

39
Q

What are coral reefs made of what does this object look like?

A

They are made of tiny polyps

They look like upside-down jellyfish

40
Q

What are Hard corals made of and what do polyps do?

A

Polyps build hard limestone cups around their bases
The cups cement together to make a coral colony
Reefs are made of hundreds of hard coral colonies next to and on top of each other

41
Q

What is a Polyp?

What do tentacles release when something brushes by them?

A

Tentacles release stinging cells when something brushes by them
Polyps make their own limestone cup to hide in during the day
At night, polyps come out to catch plankton floating by

42
Q

Where do zooxanthellae live?

What are they and what are their jobs?

A

Inside polyps
They are algae
Give coral their color

43
Q

What process does algae use to make food?

A

Photosynthesis

44
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

When two organisms are living together and help each other

45
Q

What do zooxanthella do for polyps?

A

make oxygen, remove their waste, and make food for them by photosynthesis

46
Q

What do coral polyps do for zooxanthella?

A

protect them, release CO2, and provide them with necessary nutrients from its waste

47
Q

Are coral stable animals or do little things affect them? Provide reason.

A

little things affect them
Without proper light and temperature, they will die. It only tames 1-2 degrees in some cases and global warming effects coral.

AP Environmental Science (16 decks)

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