Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Change in the genetic makeup of a population of a species in successive generations. If continued long enough, it can lead to the formation of a new species. Populations – not individuals – evolve

Question 2

Microevolution

Answer 2

The small genetic changes a population undergoes

Question 3

Macroevolution

Answer 3

Long-term, large-scale evolutionary changes among groups of species

Question 4

Gene pool

Answer 4

The sum total of all genes found in the individuals of the population of a particular species

Question 5

Natural Selection

Answer 5

Process by which a particular beneficial gene (or set of genes) is reproduced in succeeding generations more than other genes. The result of natural selection is a population that contains a greater proportion of organisms better adapted to certain environmental conditions

Question 6

Differential Reproduction

Answer 6

Phenomenon in which individuals with adaptive genetic traits produce more living offspring than do individuals without such traits

Question 7

Adaptation

Answer 7

Anu genetically controlled structural physiological, or behavioral characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce under a given set of environmental conditions. It usually results from a beneficial mutation

Question 8

Ecological Niche

Answer 8

Total way of life or role o a species in an ecosystem. It includes all physical, chemical, and biological conditions a species needs to live and reproduce in an ecosystem

Question 9

Habitat

Answer 9

Place or type of place where an organism or population of organisms live

Question 10

Fundamental Niche

Answer 10

The full potential range of the physical, chemical, and biological factors a species can us if there is no competition from other species

Question 11

Evolutionary Divergence

Answer 11

The evolutionary divergence of a single species into a variety of similar species with specialized niches

Question 12

Geographic Isolation

Answer 12

Seperation of populations of a species for long times into different areas

Question 13

Productive Isolation

Answer 13

When mutation and natural selection operate independently in the gene pools of two geographically isolated populations

Question 14

Extinction

Answer 14

When an entire species ceases to exist

Question 15

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOS)

Answer 15

Organism whose genetic makeup has been modified by genetic engineering

Question 16

Traditional Crossbreeding

Answer 16

Breeding that involves mixing the genes of similar types of organisms through breeding

Question 17

Biopharming

Answer 17

Use of genetically engineered animals to act as biofactories for producing drugs, vaccines, antibodies, hormones, industrial chemicals such as plastics and detergents, and human body organs