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The Language Of Medicine > Chapter 7: Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Small artery

A

Arteriole

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2
Q

Active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney

A

Calciferol

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3
Q

Top-like collecting region of the renal pelvis. The term comes from a Greek word, meaning a cup or case, surrounding a flower bud

A

Calyx or calix (plural: calyces or calices)

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4
Q

Tube for injecting or removing fluids

A

Catheter

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5
Q

Outer region of an organ

A

Cortex (the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney)

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6
Q

Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

A

Creatinine (A product of muscle metabolism)

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7
Q

A measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatinine from the blood

A

Creatinine clearance

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8
Q

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water

A

Electrolyte

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9
Q

Hormones secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

it stimulates red blood cell production by bone marrow, and thus increases the amount of oxygen delivered to muscles which enhances athletic endurance. Form of blood doping

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10
Q

Enclosing structures surrounding each glomerulus

A

Glomerular capsule (also known as Bowman capsule and collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.

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11
Q

Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney

A

Glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)

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12
Q

Depression in the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

A

Hilum

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13
Q

One of two bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region. It filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.

A

Kidney

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14
Q

Opening or Canal

A

Meatus

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15
Q

Inner region of an organ

A

Medulla (The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney)

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16
Q

Functional unit of the kidney. it is the combination of the glomerulus and renal tubule, where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney

A

Nephron

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17
Q

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine. Examples include urea, uric acid, and creatinine

A

Nitrogenous waste

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18
Q

Electrolyte regulated by the kidneys, so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. It is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.

A

Potassium

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19
Q

Process where by renal tubules return materials, necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

A

Reabsorption

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20
Q

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

A

Renal artery

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21
Q

Central collecting region in the kidney

A

Renal pelvis

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22
Q

Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

A

Renal tubule

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23
Q

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

A

Renal vein

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24
Q

Enzymes secreted by the kidney. It raises blood pressure by influencing the narrowing of blood vessels (vasoconstriction)

A

Renin

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25
Q

Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys. It is needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions.

A

Sodium

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26
Q

Triangular area in the urinary bladder

A

Trigone

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27
Q

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

A

Urea

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28
Q

One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

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29
Q

Tube bleeding from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

A

Urethra

30
Q

Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

A

Uric acid

31
Q

Hollow, muscular sack that holds in stores urine

A

Urinary bladder

32
Q

Process of expelling urine; also called micturition

A

Urination (voiding)

33
Q

Cali/o, calic/o

A

Calyx (calix); cup-shaped

34
Q

cyst/o

A

Urinary bladder

35
Q

glomerul/o

A

Glomerulus

36
Q

meat/o

A

Meatus

37
Q

nephr/o

A

Kidney

38
Q

pyel/o

A

Renal pelvis

39
Q

ren/o

A

Kidney

40
Q

trigon/o

A

Trigone (region of the bladder)

41
Q

ureter/o

A

Ureter

42
Q

urethr/o

A

Urethra

43
Q

vesic/o

A

Urinary bladder

44
Q

albumin/o

A

Albumin (a protein in the blood)

45
Q

azot/o

A

Nitrogen

46
Q

bacteri/o

A

Bacteria

47
Q

dips/o

A

Thirst

48
Q

kal/i

A

Potassium

49
Q

ket/o, keton/o

A

Ketone bodies (Leto acids and acetone)

50
Q

lith/o

A

Stone

51
Q

natr/o

A

Sodium

52
Q

noct/o

A

Night

53
Q

olig/o

A

Scanty

54
Q

-poietin

A

Substance that forms

55
Q

py/o

A

Pus

56
Q

-tripsy

A

Crushing

57
Q

ur/o
urin/o

A

Urine (urea)

58
Q

-uria

A

Urination; urine condition

59
Q

Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

A

Glomerulonephritis

60
Q

Inflammation of connective tissues, that lies between the renal tubules

A

Interstitial nephritis

61
Q

Kidney stones

A

Nephrolithiasis

62
Q

Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

A

Nephrotic syndrome or nephrosis

63
Q

Multiple fluid-filled sacs, or cysts, within and on the kidney

A

Polycystic kidney disease, PKD

64
Q

Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

A

Pyelonephritis

65
Q

Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

A

Renal cell carcinoma

66
Q

Decrease an excretion of waste results from impaired filtration function

A

Renal failure

67
Q

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

A

Renal hypertension

68
Q

Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

A

Wilms tumor

69
Q

Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

A

Bladder cancer

70
Q

Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood

A

Dialysis

71
Q

Urinary tract stones are crushed

A

lithotripsy

The Language Of Medicine (15 decks)

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