Chapter 7: Urinary System Flashcards
Small artery
Arteriole
Active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney
Calciferol
Top-like collecting region of the renal pelvis. The term comes from a Greek word, meaning a cup or case, surrounding a flower bud
Calyx or calix (plural: calyces or calices)
Tube for injecting or removing fluids
Catheter
Outer region of an organ
Cortex (the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney)
Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
Creatinine (A product of muscle metabolism)
A measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatinine from the blood
Creatinine clearance
Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water
Electrolyte
Hormones secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells
Erythropoietin (EPO)
it stimulates red blood cell production by bone marrow, and thus increases the amount of oxygen delivered to muscles which enhances athletic endurance. Form of blood doping
Enclosing structures surrounding each glomerulus
Glomerular capsule (also known as Bowman capsule and collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.
Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney
Glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)
Depression in the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
Hilum
One of two bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region. It filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.
Kidney
Opening or Canal
Meatus
Inner region of an organ
Medulla (The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney)
Functional unit of the kidney. it is the combination of the glomerulus and renal tubule, where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney
Nephron
Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine. Examples include urea, uric acid, and creatinine
Nitrogenous waste
Electrolyte regulated by the kidneys, so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. It is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.
Potassium
Process where by renal tubules return materials, necessary to the body back into the bloodstream
Reabsorption
Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney
Renal artery
Central collecting region in the kidney
Renal pelvis
Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration
Renal tubule
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
Renal vein
Enzymes secreted by the kidney. It raises blood pressure by influencing the narrowing of blood vessels (vasoconstriction)
Renin
Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys. It is needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions.
Sodium
Triangular area in the urinary bladder
Trigone
Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
Urea
One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Ureter
Tube bleeding from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
Urethra
Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
Uric acid
Hollow, muscular sack that holds in stores urine
Urinary bladder
Process of expelling urine; also called micturition
Urination (voiding)
Cali/o, calic/o
Calyx (calix); cup-shaped
cyst/o
Urinary bladder
glomerul/o
Glomerulus
meat/o
Meatus
nephr/o
Kidney
pyel/o
Renal pelvis
ren/o
Kidney
trigon/o
Trigone (region of the bladder)
ureter/o
Ureter
urethr/o
Urethra
vesic/o
Urinary bladder
albumin/o
Albumin (a protein in the blood)
azot/o
Nitrogen
bacteri/o
Bacteria
dips/o
Thirst
kal/i
Potassium
ket/o, keton/o
Ketone bodies (Leto acids and acetone)
lith/o
Stone
natr/o
Sodium
noct/o
Night
olig/o
Scanty
-poietin
Substance that forms
py/o
Pus
-tripsy
Crushing
ur/o
urin/o
Urine (urea)
-uria
Urination; urine condition
Inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of connective tissues, that lies between the renal tubules
Interstitial nephritis
Kidney stones
Nephrolithiasis
Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine
Nephrotic syndrome or nephrosis
Multiple fluid-filled sacs, or cysts, within and on the kidney
Polycystic kidney disease, PKD
Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma
Pyelonephritis
Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
Renal cell carcinoma
Decrease an excretion of waste results from impaired filtration function
Renal failure
High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
Renal hypertension
Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood
Wilms tumor
Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder
Bladder cancer
Process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood
Dialysis
Urinary tract stones are crushed
lithotripsy
