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The Language Of Medicine > Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole Flashcards

1
Q

Anabolism

A

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids. Ana- means up, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process

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2
Q

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.

A

Anabolism

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3
Q

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

A

Catabolism

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4
Q

Catabolism

A

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

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5
Q

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

A

Cell membrane

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6
Q

Cell membrane

A

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

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7
Q

Rod shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes.

A

Chromosomes ((There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell, except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.))

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8
Q

Chromosomes

A

Rod shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes.

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9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

All of the material that is outside the nucleus, and yet contained within the cell membrane

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10
Q

All of the material that is outside the nucleus, and yet contained within the cell membrane

A

Cytoplasm

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11
Q

DNA

A

Chemical found with each chromosome arranged, like a sequence of recipes in code. It directs the activities of the cell.

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12
Q

Chemical found with each chromosome arranged, like a sequence of recipes in code. It directs the activities of the cell.

A

DNA

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13
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

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14
Q

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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15
Q

Genes

A

Regions of DNA within each chromosome.

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16
Q

Regions of DNA within each chromosome.

A

Genes

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17
Q

Karyotype

A

Picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

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18
Q

Picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

A

Karyotype

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19
Q

Metabolism

A

Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism.

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20
Q

Total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism.

A

Metabolism

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21
Q

Mitochondria

A

Rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (mini power plants) for the cell. *think MIGHTY mitochondria
Catabolism is the process that occurs in mitochondria.

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22
Q

Rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (mini power plants) for the cell. Catabolism occurs here.

A

Mitochondria

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23
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

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24
Q

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

A

Nucleus

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25
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Collection of fat cells

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26
Q

Collection of fat cells

A

Adipose tissue

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27
Q

cartilage

A

Flexible, connective tissue often attached to bones at joints. Cartilage forms part of the external ear and the nose. Rings of cartilage surround the trachea.

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28
Q

Flexible, connective tissue often attached to bones at joints. Cartilage forms part of the external ear and the nose. Rings of cartilage surround the trachea.

A

Cartilage

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29
Q

Epithelial cells

A

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

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30
Q

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

A

Epithelial cells

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31
Q

Histologist

A

Specialist in the study of tissues

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32
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box; located above the trachea

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33
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat. The pharynx serves as the common passageway for food (mouth to esophagus) and air (most to trachea).

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34
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

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35
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

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36
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe (tube leading from the throat and larynx to the bronchial tubes)

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37
Q

Ureter

A

One of two tubes each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder *hint: ureter has two e’s, and there are two ureters

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38
Q

Urethra

A

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
* hint: urethra has one e, and there is only one urethra

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39
Q

Uterus

A

Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

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40
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen

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41
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Space below the chest containing organs, such as the liver, stomach gallbladder and intestines; also called the abdomen or peritoneal cavity

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42
Q

Space below the chest containing organs, such as the liver, stomach gallbladder and intestines; also called the abdomen or peritoneal cavity

A

Abdominal cavity

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43
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. Cranial means pertaining to the skull.

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44
Q

Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull.

A

Cranial cavity

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45
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing.

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46
Q

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

A

Diaphragm

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47
Q

Dorsal (posterior)

A

Pertaining to the back

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48
Q

Pertaining to the back

A

Dorsal (posterior)

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49
Q

Mediastinum

A

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

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50
Q

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

A

Mediastinum

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51
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder and reproductive organs. Pelvic means pertaining to the pelvis, composed of the hip bones surrounding the pelvic cavity.

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52
Q

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder and reproductive organs.

A

Pelvic cavity

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53
Q

Peritoneum

A

Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum attaches abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane around the organs

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54
Q

Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneum

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55
Q

Pleura

A

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung. Pleural means pertaining to the plueura.

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56
Q

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung.

A

Pleura

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57
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Space between the pleural layers

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58
Q

Space between the pleural layers

A

Pleural cavity

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59
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord

60
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

61
Q

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

A

Thoracic cavity

62
Q

Ventral

A

Pertaining to the front (anterior)

63
Q

Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

A

Hypochondriac

64
Q

Middle upper region above the stomach

A

Epigastric

65
Q

Right and left middle regions near the waist

A

Lumbar

66
Q

Central region near the naval

A

Umbilical

67
Q

Right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called iliac regions

A

Inguinal

68
Q

Middle lower region below the umbilical region

A

Hypogastric

69
Q

Contains the liver (right lobe), gallbladder part of the pancreas parts of the small and large intestines

A

Right upper quadrant
RUQ

70
Q

Contains the liver (left lobe), stomach spleen, part of the pancreas parts of the small and large intestines

A

Left upper quadrant
LUQ

71
Q

Contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter

A

Right lower quadrant
RLQ

72
Q

Contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

A

Left lower quadrant
LLQ

73
Q

Division of the back: cervical

A

Neck region (C1-C7)

74
Q

Division of the back: thoracic

A

Chest region (T1-T12)

75
Q

Division of the back: lumbar

A

Loin (waist) region (L1-L5)

76
Q

Division of the back: Sacral

A

Region of the sacrum (S1-S5)

77
Q

Division of the back: coccygeal

A

Region of the coccyx (tailbone)

78
Q

Single backbone

A

Vertebra

79
Q

Backbones

A

Vertebrae

80
Q

Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

A

Spinal column

81
Q

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

A

Spinal cord

82
Q

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae

A

Disc

83
Q

Front surface of the body

A

Anterior or ventral

84
Q

Away from the surface

A

Deep

85
Q

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

A

Distal

86
Q

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

A

Frontal (coronal) plane

87
Q

Below another structure; pertaining to the lower portion of the body

A

Inferior

88
Q

Pertaining to the side

A

Lateral

89
Q

Pertaining to the middle, or near the medial plane of the body

A

Medial

90
Q

Back surface of the body

A

Posterior or dorsal

91
Q

Lying on the belly (face down, palms down)

A

Prone

92
Q

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

A

Proximal

93
Q

Lengthwise, vertical plane, dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

A

Sagittal (lateral) plane

94
Q

On the surface

A

Superficial

95
Q

Above another structure; pertaining to the head

A

Superior (cephalic)

96
Q

Laying on the back (face up palms up)

A

Supine (*hint: laying supine is on your spine)

97
Q

Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

A

Transverse (axial) plane

98
Q

Abdomin/o

A

Abdomen

99
Q

Adip/o

A

Fat

100
Q

anter/o

A

Front

101
Q

cervic/o

A

Neck (of the body or of the uterus)

102
Q

chondr/o

A

Cartilage (type of connective tissue)

103
Q

chrom/o

A

Color

104
Q

coccyg/o

A

Coccyx (tailbone)

105
Q

crani/o

A

Skull

106
Q

cyt/o

A

Cell

107
Q

dist/o

A

Far, distant

108
Q

dors/o

A

Back portion of the body

109
Q

hist/o

A

Tissue

110
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (upper part of the hip bone)

111
Q

inguin/o

A

Groin

112
Q

kary/o

A

Nucleus

113
Q

later/o

A

Side

114
Q

lumb/o

A

Lower back

115
Q

medi/o

A

Middle

116
Q

nucle/o

A

Nucleus

117
Q

pelv/i

A

Pelvis

118
Q

pharyng/o

A

Pharynx (throat)

119
Q

poster/o

A

Back, behind

120
Q

proxim/o

A

Nearest

121
Q

sacr/o

A

Sacrum

122
Q

sarc/o

A

Flesh

123
Q

spin/o

A

Spine, backbone

124
Q

thel/o, theli/o

A

Nipple

125
Q

thorac/o

A

Chest

126
Q

trache/o

A

Trachea, windpipe

127
Q

umbilic/o

A

Navel, umbilicus

128
Q

ventr/o

A

Belly side of the body

129
Q

vertebr/o

A

Vertebra(e), backbone(s)

130
Q

Viscer/o

A

Internal organs

131
Q

ana-

A

Up

132
Q

cata-

A

Down

133
Q

epi-

A

Above

134
Q

hypo-

A

Below

135
Q

inter-

A

Between

136
Q

intra-

A

Within

137
Q

meta-

A

Change

138
Q

-eal

A

Pertaining to (also: -iac, -ior)

139
Q

-iac

A

Pertaining to (also: -eal, -ior)

140
Q

-ior

A

Pertaining to (also: -eal, -iac)

141
Q

-ism

A

Process, condition

142
Q

-ose

A

Pertaining to, full of

143
Q

-plasm

A

Formation

144
Q

-somes

A

Bodies

145
Q

-type

A

Picture, classification

The Language Of Medicine (15 decks)

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