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The Language Of Medicine > Chapter 11: Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Largest artery in the body

A

Aorta

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2
Q

Lower tip of the heart

A

Apex of the heart

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3
Q

Small artery

A

Arteriole

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4
Q

Largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

A

Artery

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5
Q

Specialized muscle fibers, connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

A

Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His (pronounced “hiss”))

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6
Q

Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node, and the atrioventricular bundle or bundle of His toward the ventricles.

A

Atrioventricular node (AV node)

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7
Q

One of two upper chambers of the heart

A

Atrium (plural: atria)

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8
Q

Smallest type of blood vessel. Materials passed to, and from the bloodstream through these thin walls.

A

Capillary

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9
Q

Gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

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10
Q

Two common arteries located on each side of the neck branch from the aorta and provide blood sugar, head, neck and brain. Comes from a Greek word meaning stupor because pressure on these arteries produced unconsciousness.

A

Carotid arteries

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11
Q

Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

A

Coronary arteries

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12
Q

Blood that is oxygen-poor

A

Deoxygenated blood

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13
Q

Relaxation phase of the heartbeat

A

Diastole

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14
Q

Record of the electrical activity of the heart. The electricity is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T.

A

Electrocardiogram

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15
Q

Inner lining of the heart

A

Endocardium

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16
Q

Innermost lining of blood vessels

A

Endothelium

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17
Q

Valve between the left atrium, and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

A

Mitral valve

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18
Q

Abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

A

Murmur

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19
Q

Muscular middle layer of the heart

A

Myocardium

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20
Q

Heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 bpm

A

Normal sinus rhythm

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21
Q

Gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells

A

Oxygen

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22
Q

Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat.

A

Pacemaker (sinoatrial node)

(an artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning)

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23
Q

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

A

Pericardium

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24
Q

Artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

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25
Q

Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

A

Pulmonary circulation

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26
Q

Valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary valve

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27
Q

One of two pairs of vessels, carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

A

Pulmonary vein

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28
Q

Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

A

Pulse

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29
Q

Partition or wall dividing a cavity

A

Septum (plural: septa)

such as between the right and left atria (interstitial septum) and right and left ventricles (interventricular septum)

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30
Q

Pacemaker of the heart

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

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31
Q

Instrument to measure blood pressure

A

sphygmomanometer

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32
Q

Flow of blood from body tissue to the heart, and then from the heart back to body tissues

A

Systemic circulation

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33
Q

Contraction phase of the heartbeat

A

Systole

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34
Q

Located between the right atrium, and the right ventricle; it has three leaflets or cusps

A

Tricuspid valve

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35
Q

Structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction

A

Valve

36
Q

Thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body, tissues and lungs back to the heart. Contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.

A

Vein

37
Q

Largest vein in the body. The superior and inferior _________ return blood to the right atrium of the heart.

A

Vena cava (plural: venae cavae)

38
Q

One of two lower chambers of the heart

A

Ventricle

39
Q

Small vein

A

Venule

40
Q

angi/o

A

Vessel

41
Q

aort/o

A

Aorta

42
Q

arter/o, arteri/o

A

Artery

43
Q

ather/o

A

Yellowish plaque, fatty substance

44
Q

atri/o

A

Atrium, upper heart chamber

45
Q

brachi/o

A

Arm

46
Q

cardi/o

A

Heart

47
Q

cholesterol/o

A

Cholesterol (a lipid substance)

48
Q

coron/o

A

Heart

49
Q

cyan/o

A

Blue

50
Q

myx/o

A

Mucus

51
Q

ox/o

A

Oxygen

52
Q

pericardi/o

A

Pericardium

53
Q

phleb/o

A

Vein

54
Q

rrhythm/o

A

Rhythm

55
Q

Sphygm/o

A

Pulse

56
Q

steth/o

A

Chest

57
Q

thromb/o

A

Clot

58
Q

valvul/o, valv/o

A

Valve

59
Q

vas/o

A

Vessel

60
Q

vascul/o

A

Vessel

61
Q

ven/o, ven/i

A

Vein

62
Q

ventricul/o

A

Ventricle, lower heart chamber

63
Q

Abnormal heart rhythms

A

Arrhythmias

64
Q

Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

A

bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)

65
Q

Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

A

Flutter

66
Q

Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart

A

Fibrillation (350 beats or more per minute)

67
Q

Abnormalities in the heart at birth

A

Congenital heart disease

68
Q

Congenital anomaly in the heart: narrowing of the aorta

A

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

69
Q

Congenital anomaly in the heart: passageway between the aorta, and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth

A

Parent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

70
Q

Congenital anomaly in the heart: small holes in the wall between the atria, or the ventricles

A

Septal defects

71
Q

Congenital anomaly in the heart: congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects

A

tetralogy of Fallot
- pulmonary artery stenosis
- ventricular septal defect
- shift of the aorta to the right
- hypertrophy of the right ventricle

72
Q

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

A

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

73
Q

Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

A

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

74
Q

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

A

Endocarditis

75
Q

High blood pressure affecting the heart

A

Hypertensive heart disease

76
Q

Improper closure of the mitral valve

A

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

77
Q

Extra heart sound, heard between normal beats

A

Murmur

78
Q

Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart

A

Pericarditis

79
Q

Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

A

Rheumatic heart disease

80
Q

Local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall

A

Aneurysm

81
Q

Blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

A

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

82
Q

High blood pressure

A

Hypertension (HTN)

83
Q

Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs

A

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

84
Q

Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily and fingers and toes

A

Raynaud (ra-NO) disease

85
Q

Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs

A

Varicose veins

The Language Of Medicine (15 decks)

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