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The Language Of Medicine > Chapter 10: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory
- smell

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2
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

Optic
- vision

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3
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Occulomotor
- eye movement

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4
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear
- eye movement

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5
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigeminal
- forehead and scalp sensation
- cheek sensation
- chewing

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens
- eye movement

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7
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial
- face and scalp movement
- taste
- ear sensation

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8
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear (auditory)
- hearing
- balance

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9
Q

Cranial nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal
- tongue and throat sensations
- throat movement

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10
Q

Cranial nerve X

A

Vagus
- peristalsis
- blood pressure
- heart rate
- coughing
- sneezing

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11
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Accessory (spinal accessory)
- swallowing
- head and shoulders movements

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12
Q

Cranial nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal
- speech
- swallowing

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13
Q

Structure of the brain that deals with thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory: _____________

A

Cerebrum

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14
Q

Structure of the brain that is the relay station (“triage center”) for sensory impulses; control of awareness and consciousness

A

Thalamus

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15
Q

Structure of the brain that controls body temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions; control of the pituitary gland: __________

A

Hypothalamus

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16
Q

Structure of the brain that deals with coordination of voluntary movements and balance

A

Cerebellum

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17
Q

Structure of the brain that functions as connection of nerve and nerve fiber pathways, including those to the eyes and face

A

Pons and midbrain

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18
Q

Structure of the brain that’s function is: nerve fibers cross over, left to right and right to left; contains centers to regulate heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system

A

Medulla oblongata

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19
Q

Collection is spinal nurse below the end of the spinal cord

A

Cauda equina

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20
Q

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

A

Acetylcholine

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21
Q

Carries message toward the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve).

A

Afferent nerve

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22
Q

Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord.

A

Arachnoid membrane

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23
Q

Type of glial (neruoglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries in the nervous system

A

Astrocyte

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24
Q

Nerves that control, involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs

A

Autonomic nervous system

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25
Q

Microscopic fiber that is part of a neuron and carries nervous impulse along the nerve cell

A

Axon

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26
Q

Protective separation between the blood and brain cells. This makes it difficult for substances (such as anti-cancer drugs) to penetrate capillary walls and enter the brain.

A

Blood-brain barrier

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27
Q

Posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord; includes the midbrain ponds and medulla oblongata

A

Brainstem

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28
Q

Part of a nurse cell that contains the nucleus

A

Cell body

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29
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord

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30
Q

Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

A

Cerebellum

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31
Q

Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain

A

Cerebral cortex

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32
Q

Circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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33
Q

Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory

A

Cerebrum

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34
Q

Nurse key messages to inform the branch to all parts of the head and neck and also (in the case of the vagus nerve) to other parts of the body. There are 12 pairs.

A

Cranial nerves

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35
Q

Microscopic, branching, fiber of a nerve cell (neuron) that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse

A

Dendrite

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36
Q

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord

A

Dura mater

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37
Q

Carrie’s messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve

A

Efferent nerve

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38
Q

Glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord, helps form cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ependymal cell

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39
Q

Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

A

Ganglion (plural: ganglia)

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40
Q

Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses.

A

Glial cell (neuroglial cell)
- astrocytes
- microglial cells
- ependymal cells
- oligodendrocytes

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41
Q

Sheet of nerve cells that produces round range on the surface of the cerebral cortex court; convolution

A

Gurus (plural: gyri)

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42
Q

Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; control, sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

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43
Q

Part of the brain, just above the spinal cord; controls, breathing, heart rate, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here

A

Medulla oblongata

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44
Q

Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

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45
Q

Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system

A

Microglial cell

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46
Q

Uppermost portion of the brainstem

A

Midbrain

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47
Q

Carrie’s message is away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs that; efferent nerve

A

Motor nerve

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48
Q

Covering of white fatty tissue, that surrounds an insulates, the axon of a nerve cell. Impulse conduction along axons

A

Myelin sheath

49
Q

Macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers (axons) that carry electrical impulses

A

Nerve

50
Q

Nerve cell that is necessary for impulses to be carried throughout the nervous system; parenchyma of the nervous system

A

Neuron

51
Q

Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell. It stimulates, or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell.

A

Neurotransmitter
Examples are:
- acetylcholine
- norepinephrine
- dopamine
- serotonin

52
Q

Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons

A

Oligodendroglial cell

53
Q

Involuntary autonomic nerves that regulate normal body function, such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract

A

Parasympathetic nerves

54
Q

Essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system.

A

Parenchyma (parenchyma of the nervous system includes the neurons and nerves that carry nervous impulses)

55
Q

Nurse, outside the brain and spinal cord: cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves

A

Peripheral nervous system

56
Q

Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

A

Pia mater

57
Q

Large, interlacing network of nerves

A

Plexus (plural: plexuses) (examples are: lumbosacral, cervical, and brachial plexuses)

58
Q

Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum in between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain. It is a bridge connecting various parts of the brain.

A

Pons

59
Q

Organ that receives and transmits a stimulus to sensory nerves. The skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are examples.

A

Receptor

60
Q

Nerve ending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot

A

Sciatic nerve

61
Q

Carrie‘s messages to where the brain and spinal cord for my receptor; afferent nerve

A

Sensory nerve

62
Q

Pairs of nerves, arising one on each side of the spinal column. They transmit messages to and from the spinal cord.

A

Spinal nerves

63
Q

Agent of change in the internal or external environment, that folks a response. It may be light, sound, touch, pressure, or pain.

A

Stimulus (plural: stimuli)

64
Q

Connective and supporting tissue of an organ.

A

Stroma (glial cells make up the stromal tissue of the brain)

65
Q

Depression, or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure

A

Sulcus (plural: sulci)

66
Q

Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress

A

Sympathetic nerves

67
Q

Space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells

A

Synapse

68
Q

Main relay center of the brain. It conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum; incoming sensory messages are relayed through this to appropriate centers in the cerebrum.

A

Thalamus

69
Q

10th cranial nerve. It’s branches reached to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach. Unlike other cranial nerves, this nerve leaves the head and “wanders” into the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

A

Vagus nerve

70
Q

Canals in the brain that contains cerebral spinal fluid. These are also found in the heart… They are the two lower chambers of the heart.

A

Ventricles of the brain

71
Q

cerebell/o

A

Cerebellum

72
Q

cerebr/o

A

Cerebrum

73
Q

dur/o

A

Dura mater

74
Q

encephal/o

A

Brain

75
Q

gli/o

A

Glial cells

76
Q

lept/o

A

Thin, slender

77
Q

mening/o
meningi/o

A

Membranes,
Meninges

78
Q

my/o

A

Muscle

79
Q

myel/o

A

Spinal cord (means bone marrow in other contexts)

80
Q

neur/o

A

Nerve

81
Q

pont/o

A

Pons

82
Q

radicul/o

A

Nerve root (of spinal nerves)

83
Q

thalam/o

A

Thalamus

84
Q

thec/o

A

Sheath (refers to the meninges)

85
Q

vag/o

A

Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)

86
Q

alges/o, -algesia

A

sensitivity to pain

87
Q

-algia

A

Pain

88
Q

caus/o

A

Burning

89
Q

comat/o

A

Deep sleep (coma)

90
Q

esthesi/o, -esthesia

A

Feeling, nervous sensation

91
Q

kines/o, kinesi/o -kinesia, -kinesis, -kinetic

A

Movement

92
Q

-lepsy

A

Seizure

93
Q

lex/o

A

Word, phrase

94
Q

-paresis

A

Weakness

95
Q

-phasia

A

Speech

96
Q

-plegia

A

Paralysis (loss or impairment of the ability to move parts of the body)

97
Q

-praxia

A

Action

98
Q

-sthenia

A

Strength

99
Q

syncop/o

A

To cut off, cut short

100
Q

tax/o

A

Order, coordination

101
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain

A

Hydrocephalus

102
Q

Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect Union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect)

A

Spina bifida

103
Q

Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration, personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning

A

Alzheimer disease

104
Q

Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)…also known as Lou Gehrig disease

105
Q

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

A

Epilepsy

106
Q

Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration

A

Huntington disease (Huntington’s)

107
Q

Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the central nervous system, and it’s replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

A

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

108
Q

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

A

myasthenia gravis (MG)

109
Q

Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)

A

Palsy

110
Q

Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement

A

Parkinson’s disease (Parkinson’s)

111
Q

Involuntary spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words

A

Tourette syndrome (Tourette’s)

112
Q

Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

A

Herpes zoster (shingles)

113
Q

Inflammation of the meninges

A

Meningitis

114
Q

Brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS

A

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy

115
Q

Abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges

A

Brain tumor

116
Q

Type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head

A

Cerebral concussion

117
Q

Bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head

A

Cerebral contusion

118
Q

Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke

A

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

119
Q

Severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache

A

Migrane

The Language Of Medicine (15 decks)

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