Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ATAR Psychology > Chapter 7 - Understanding Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Understanding Memory Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 processes of memory?

A

encoding, storing, and retrieving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is memory?

A

Involves taking something we have observed and converting it into a form we can store, retrieve, and apply everyday

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Encoding

A

When we put an idea into the brain it is put into an electrochemical signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Storing

A

keeping info in the brain so we can use it later. The info is stored in an organised way to make it easier to recover memories when needed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Retrieving

A

getting memories back so we can them relies on the right cues so we get to the correct location of the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Multi-store Model of Memory

A

Describes three stores of memory:

  • Sensory
  • Short-term
  • Long-term
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sensory Memory

A

The first stage of memory. It is a store for incoming sensory information. (touch, hearing, vision)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Specifics of sensory memory

A
  • Has unlimited capacity but short duration
  • Holds info for a fraction of a second to several seconds
  • It has not yet entered our awareness
  • There is rapid decay of sensory memory, but it allows us to hear sounds long enough to understand the words
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ECHOIC MEMORY

A

(memory for hearing) duration can be up to 4 seconds. When someone talks, your echoic memory retains each individual syllable. Your brain recognizes words by connecting each syllable to the previous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ICHONIC MEMORY

A

(memory for vision) Duration can be up to 1 second. Visual sensory memory, it explains why we can see moving pictures form a series of still shots projected into the movie screen. Therefore, movies run at 24 frames per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sperling’s Study of Iconic Memory concludes?

A

Iconic memory has a duration of approx. one-20th of a second.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Short-term memory

A

Short term memory allows us to retain info long enough to use it
Info moves to long term -> short term memory to evaluate and understand info we are working on
Short term memory is limited to 5-9 things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Duration and capacity of short-term memory

A

Lasts 12-30 seconds

Retained from use of maintenance rehearsal, this increases chances of this info moving to long-term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Long-term memory

A

Info is stored differently from sensory & short-term memory it is stored in semantic networks – it is encoded by its meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Types of Long-term memory

A

Procedural & Declarative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Procedural memory

A

KNOWING HOW TO DO (implicit)
Action, skills, operations & conditioned responses
Very resistant to forgetting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Declarative memory

A

KNOWING WHAT TO DO
(explicit)
Semantic memory; for facts or general knowledge
Episodic memory; memories of episodes or experiences in your life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Implicit memory

A

unconscious. It doesn’t require deliberate recall.

Includes procedural memory, motor learning and classical conditioning (amygdala & hippocampus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Explicit memory

A

conscious retrieval of memory, includes recall and recognition.
Includes declarative memory. (hippocampus)

20
Q

Key Brain Areas for Long-term Memory

A

Cerebral cortex
Amygdala
Cerebellum
Hippocampus

21
Q

Cerebral Cortex function LTM

A

Formation and storage of implicit and explicit memories

22
Q

Amygdala function LTM

A

adds to emotional content to declarative memories

23
Q

Cerebellum function LTM

A

Stores procedural memories of learnt motor skills that require muscle coordination

24
Q

Hippocampus function LTM

A

Integrates info from number of brain areas to form a single declarative memory

25
Q

Function of Photographic Memory

A

The ability to form, and later recall, sharp, detailed visual images of a picture or notes from a page after examining them for only a short period of time.

26
Q

Potential advantages of Photographic Memory

A
  • It may take less time and energy to perform daily activities
  • It would be very useful when studying, memorizing information
  • Likely to have better academic performance
27
Q

Potential disadvantages of Photographic Memory

A
  • Pressure from people expecting to never make mistakes with memory
  • Difficulty forgetting painful memories
28
Q

Where Are Memories Stored?

A 
Motor cortex
Frontal lobe
Prefrontal cortex
Temporal lobe
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
29
Q

Working Memory

A

Working with the information we are aware of at any given time.

30
Q

Baddeley and Hitch’s model of working memory suggests?

A

4 seperate but interdependent aspects of working memory.

31
Q

The 4 interdependent aspects of working memory?

A

Central Executive
Phonological loop
Visuospatial Sketch Pad
Episodic buffer

32
Q

Central Executive function

A

puts the sound and vision together and controls attention so it is possible to mentally manipulate data

33
Q

Phonological loop function

A

auditory working memory (storage for what we hear & allows us to understand a sentence)

34
Q

Visuospatial Sketch Pad function

A

visual working memory

35
Q

Episodic buffer function

A

retrieves info form LTM to associate with info that is working in memory, and to select and encode info to LTM

36
Q

Strengths of the working memory model?

A 
Accounts ability to store & 
actively process info simultaneously
-	Explains the ability to multitask
-	Supports empirical research 
1.	Tracking task + letter imagery task
2.	Tracking + verbal task
(2)	Proved less difficult,
37
Q

Limitations of the working memory model?

A
  • Central executive most important part, but which we know the least about
  • Cannot specify precise functioning of central executive
  • does not give us a clear idea of which part of the model is normally involved in a task
38
Q

Craik and Lockhart’s Level of Processing model of memory concludes?

A

that memories grow stronger the more they are elaborated & used, and memories are stronger if they are linked to what we care about

39
Q

Strengths of LOP Theory?

A

good contribution of understanding processes that take place during learning

Provides explanation of antegrade Amnesia

40
Q

Limitations of LOP Theory?

A

Only aids in research
Circular definition
Issues with defining deep processing
Describes rather than explains

41
Q

Circular reasoning function

A

type of informal fallacy in which a conclusion is reached as it is not materially different from something that was assumed as a premise of the argument. i.e. People love Bec -> because she is popular

42
Q

Capacity of STM

A

Between 5 - 9

43
Q

Capacity of LTM

A

Between

44
Q

STM can not be?

A

Increased

45
Q

7.2 Sperling’s Test

A

associates with STM

46
Q

2 focus’ of Memory

A

Duration and Capacity

47
Q

Sensory Memory

A

Very Large Capacity

iconic + echoic

ATAR Psychology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions