Chapter 2 - Nervous System & Brain

Question 1

What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?

Answer 1

The brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 2

The somatic nervous system (voluntary movement of the skeletal muscles) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) (sends info between CNS and non-skeletal muscles)

Question 3

The three primary brain vesicles

Answer 3

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

Question 4

Forebrain

Answer 4

Receives & processes sensory info and higher order thinking AKA executive functioning.

Question 5

Midbrain

Answer 5

Integrates sensory information and relays it upward. Coordinates movement, sleep, arousal.

Question 6

Hindbrain

Answer 6

An area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord.

Question 7

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic NS

Answer 7

That part of the ANS that produces the “fight or flight” response (S) vs. that which facilitates relaxation and replenishment (P)

Question 8

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 8

Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain.

Question 9

Lobes of the brain

Answer 9

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital

Question 10

Frontal Lobe

Answer 10

Primary Motor Cortex between the central fissure and front lobe

• Responsible for movement of skeletal muscles
• Contralateral (left controls right, right controls left)

Question 11

Parietal Lobe

Answer 11

Visual spatial perception, 3D shapes & design, special orientation, non-verbal thought
Primary Somatosensory Cortex between the central fissure and each parietal lobe
- Processes sensation
- Contralateral: top of somatosensory cortex = toes
Bottom of SS cortex = lips

Question 12

Occipital Lobe

Answer 12

Primary Visual Cortex back of occipital lobe

- Contralateral

Question 13

Temporal Lobe

Answer 13

Processes auditory information
Primary auditory Cortex mid top of temp lobe
- Complex auditory analysis for comprehension of
human speech, listening to music
- Right hemisphere recognizes songs, faces, paintings etc.
- Damage can cause deafness

Question 14

Broca’s Area & what condition occurs when damaged?

Answer 14

Controls language expression - Broca’s aphasia, when they understand but cannot produce legible language

Question 15

Geschwind’s territory

Answer 15

Area of the brain that provides a connection between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area.

Question 16

Wernicke’s area & what condition occurs when damaged?

Answer 16

receptive language reception - Wernicke’s aphasia, when they cannot understand but can produce legible language

Question 17

Sections in the Limbic System

Answer 17

amygdala
hypothalamus
hippocampus

Question 18

Functions of the amygdala

Answer 18

activates and processes emotions, involved in conditioning, memory recollection and storage

Question 19

Functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 19

basic survival actions and physiological responses to fear inducing stimuli

Question 20

Functions of the hippocampus

Answer 20

regulation and expression of emotions

Question 21

Le Doux’s Theory Short Route

Answer 21

Emotional Stimulus -> Thalamus - > Amygdala -> Emotional Response

Question 22

Le Doux’s Theory Long Route

Answer 22

Emotional Stimulus -> Thalamus -> Sensory Cortex -> either Amygdala or (Hippocampus -> Amygdala) -> Emotional Response

Question 23

What system are conscious responses controlled by

Answer 23

Somatic Nervous System

Question 24

What role does the PNS have in conscious and unconscious responses

Answer 24

maintains homeostasis

Question 25

Types of unconscious responses and examples

Answer 25

Unconscious - autonomic blinking Unconscious - spinal reflexes monosynaptic reflex arc - knee jerk polysynaptic reflex arc- hard withdrawal from pain

Question 26

Cerebellum function

Answer 26

Motor Skills

Question 27

Medulla (Brain Stem)

Answer 27

Connects part of body (autonomic system to somatic system) i.e. breathing, heart rate

Question 28

Subdivision of PNS

Answer 28

Functional features Somatic nervous system (think, control change) Autonomic nervous system (self-regulating)

Question 29

Autonomic Nervous System Subdivisions

Answer 29

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 30

Sympathetic Nervous System function

Answer 30

Responding to emergency (increase in heartrate, fight vs flight)

Question 31

Parasympathetic Nervous System function

Answer 31

What happens when sleeping (decreases in heartrate)

Question 32

Occipital Lobe location

Answer 32

towards back of head

Question 33

Temporal Lobe location

Answer 33

side of head

Question 34

Parietal Lobe location

Answer 34

top of head

Question 35

Frontal lobe

Answer 35

front of head

Question 36

Function of reflex arc

Answer 36

It goes to spinal chord, misses brain communication and responds immediately

Question 37

Different parts of reflex arc

Answer 37

``` Receptor Sensory neuron Connecter neuron Effector Motor neuron ```

Question 38

The limbic system

Answer 38

the part of the brain involved in our behavioural and emotional responses

Question 39

Basal Ganglia Function

Answer 39

Responsible primarily for motor control

Question 40

Somatic is what movement?

Answer 40

voluntary

Question 41

Autonomic is what movement?

Answer 41

unconscious

Question 42

Spinal Reflexes occur when?

Answer 42

the spinal chord initiates a response independently of the brain enable faster reaction times and reduce the risk of being harmed

Question 43

Premotor cortex function?

Answer 43

Organising movement

Question 44

Motor cortex

Answer 44

Producing movement

Question 45

Somatosensory cortex

Answer 45

touch, temp, body position

Question 46

Voluntary movement is coordinated by which parts of the brain?

Answer 46

Primary motor cortex Cerebellum Basal Ganglia

Question 47

Emotion coordinated by which parts of the brain

Answer 47

Limbic system | Prefrontal cortex

Question 48

Cerebellum function

Answer 48

Coordinates detail of movement

Question 49

What is in the Limbic system?

Answer 49

hypothalamus amygdala thalamus hippocampus