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ATAR Psychology > Chapter 2 - Nervous System & Brain > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Nervous System & Brain Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?

A

The brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

The somatic nervous system (voluntary movement of the skeletal muscles) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) (sends info between CNS and non-skeletal muscles)

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3
Q

The three primary brain vesicles

A

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

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4
Q

Forebrain

A

Receives & processes sensory info and higher order thinking AKA executive functioning.

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5
Q

Midbrain

A

Integrates sensory information and relays it upward. Coordinates movement, sleep, arousal.

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6
Q

Hindbrain

A

An area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord.

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7
Q

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic NS

A

That part of the ANS that produces the “fight or flight” response (S) vs. that which facilitates relaxation and replenishment (P)

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8
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain.

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9
Q

Lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital

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10
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Primary Motor Cortex between the central fissure and front lobe

  • Responsible for movement of skeletal muscles
  • Contralateral (left controls right, right controls left)
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11
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Visual spatial perception, 3D shapes & design, special orientation, non-verbal thought
Primary Somatosensory Cortex between the central fissure and each parietal lobe
- Processes sensation
- Contralateral: top of somatosensory cortex = toes
Bottom of SS cortex = lips

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12
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Primary Visual Cortex back of occipital lobe

- Contralateral

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13
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Processes auditory information
Primary auditory Cortex mid top of temp lobe
- Complex auditory analysis for comprehension of
human speech, listening to music
- Right hemisphere recognizes songs, faces, paintings etc.
- Damage can cause deafness

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14
Q

Broca’s Area & what condition occurs when damaged?

A

Controls language expression - Broca’s aphasia, when they understand but cannot produce legible language

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15
Q

Geschwind’s territory

A

Area of the brain that provides a connection between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area.

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16
Q

Wernicke’s area & what condition occurs when damaged?

A

receptive language reception - Wernicke’s aphasia, when they cannot understand but can produce legible language

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17
Q

Sections in the Limbic System

A

amygdala
hypothalamus
hippocampus

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18
Q

Functions of the amygdala

A

activates and processes emotions, involved in conditioning, memory recollection and storage

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19
Q

Functions of the hypothalamus

A

basic survival actions and physiological responses to fear inducing stimuli

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20
Q

Functions of the hippocampus

A

regulation and expression of emotions

21
Q

Le Doux’s Theory Short Route

A

Emotional Stimulus -> Thalamus - > Amygdala -> Emotional Response

22
Q

Le Doux’s Theory Long Route

A

Emotional Stimulus -> Thalamus -> Sensory Cortex -> either Amygdala or (Hippocampus -> Amygdala) -> Emotional Response

23
Q

What system are conscious responses controlled by

A

Somatic Nervous System

24
Q

What role does the PNS have in conscious and unconscious responses

A

maintains homeostasis

25
Q

Types of unconscious responses and examples

A

Unconscious - autonomic blinking
Unconscious - spinal reflexes
monosynaptic reflex arc - knee jerk
polysynaptic reflex arc- hard withdrawal from pain

26
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Motor Skills

27
Q

Medulla (Brain Stem)

A

Connects part of body (autonomic system to somatic system) i.e. breathing, heart rate

28
Q

Subdivision of PNS

A

Functional features
Somatic nervous system (think, control change)
Autonomic nervous system (self-regulating)

29
Q

Autonomic Nervous System Subdivisions

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

30
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System function

A

Responding to emergency (increase in heartrate, fight vs flight)

31
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System function

A

What happens when sleeping (decreases in heartrate)

32
Q

Occipital Lobe location

A

towards back of head

33
Q

Temporal Lobe location

A

side of head

34
Q

Parietal Lobe location

A

top of head

35
Q

Frontal lobe

A

front of head

36
Q

Function of reflex arc

A

It goes to spinal chord, misses brain communication and responds immediately

37
Q

Different parts of reflex arc

A 
Receptor
Sensory neuron
Connecter neuron
Effector
Motor neuron
38
Q

The limbic system

A

the part of the brain involved in our behavioural and emotional responses

39
Q

Basal Ganglia Function

A

Responsible primarily for motor control

40
Q

Somatic is what movement?

A

voluntary

41
Q

Autonomic is what movement?

A

unconscious

42
Q

Spinal Reflexes occur when?

A

the spinal chord initiates a response independently of the brain enable faster reaction times and reduce the risk of being harmed

43
Q

Premotor cortex function?

A

Organising movement

44
Q

Motor cortex

A

Producing movement

45
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

touch, temp, body position

46
Q

Voluntary movement is coordinated by which parts of the brain?

A

Primary motor cortex
Cerebellum
Basal Ganglia

47
Q

Emotion coordinated by which parts of the brain

A

Limbic system

Prefrontal cortex

48
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Coordinates detail of movement

49
Q

What is in the Limbic system?

A

hypothalamus
amygdala
thalamus
hippocampus

ATAR Psychology (17 decks)

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