Chapter 16 - Attitude & Altitude

Question 1

What is an explicit attitude?

Answer 1

a attitude that is openly stated

where one behaves in a way that reflects this attitude

Question 2

What is an implicit attitude?

Answer 2

an involuntary, uncontrollable and sometimes unconscious attitude

Question 3

Attitude specificity?

Answer 3

When the attitude measured is highly specific to the behavior

Question 4

Information about the attitude is based on?

Answer 4

prior knowledge or experience

Question 5

What is attitude situation?

Answer 5

where the situation determines the attitude

Question 6

Cognitive Dissonance?

Answer 6

mental discomfort that results from holding two conflicting beliefs

Question 7

What are the 4 steps of Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) resolving dissonance theory?

Answer 7

1. Change the thought - restores consistency
2. Change the behaviour that relates to the inconsistency
3. Add new thoughts that might negate the consequence of the inconsistency
4. Trivialize the inconsistency

Question 8

Why do we want to remove dissonance?

Answer 8

It is physically uncomfortable

Want to feel more comfortable

Question 9

The Social identity theory (Henry Tajdfel 1970) states?

Answer 9

that a person’s sense of self based on the groups they belong to

Question 10

What does a group provide?

Answer 10

pride, self-esteem, sense of belonging

Question 11

Social Categorization

Answer 11

we sort people and objects so that we are able to understand and identify them

Question 12

Social identification

Answer 12

we adopt the behaviour, attitudes and beliefs of the group we belong to.

Question 13

Social Comparisons

Answer 13

we compare our in-group with other groups to affirm our identity

Question 14

Attribution Theory (Fritz Heider 1958) explains?

Answer 14

why we do the things we do, and reasons for our behaviour

Question 15

What are attributions?

Answer 15

inferences that we make about the cause of events, the behaviour of others or our own behaviour

Question 16

(Internal) Dispositional attributions?

Answer 16

traits
ability
motivation
attitude
mood
effort

Question 17

(External) Situational attributions?

Answer 17

environmental setting
situation
luck
actions of another person

Question 18

Which attributes are we more likely to describe someone’s behaviour with?

Answer 18

dispositional factors rather than situational ones

Question 19

Actor-observer bias is?

Answer 19

The tendency to explain our actions by external factors and explain the actions of others by internal factors.

Question 20

What is fundamental attribution error?

Answer 20

When we underestimate the situational factors and overestimate the dispositional factors in behaviour

Question 21

What is prejudice?

Answer 21

reconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience

Question 22

What is bias?

Answer 22

an opinion or belief held about a thing or person

Question 23

Self-Serving bias?

Answer 23

when you attribute your success to internal factors and your failures to external factors

Question 24

Confirmation bias?

Answer 24

when you search for, recall, and interpret information to affirm your pre-existing beliefs