Chapter 7 - Theories of Behavior Change Flashcards
Construct
An abstract variable that serves to explain a concept, or acts as a link to explain the observed relations between independent and dependent va ria bles.
Control group
A group or condition with which the effects of the experimental procedure or test condition are to be compared.
Treatment group
A group or condition in which the subjects are assigned the experimental treatment
Empirical
lnformation obtained from observation or measurement using experimentation.
Intervention
An intervention is action taken or a treatment program developed to help someone change his or her behavior.
Mediator
A mediator is a condition, state, or other factor that is presumed to intervene between the independent variable and the outcome
Meta-analysis
A meta-analysis summarizes the results of several similar studies by combining results to generate an overall effect size
Moderator
A moderator is a condition or variable that alters or changes the relationship between X and Y by affecting the strength or direction of the results of an intervention.
Randomization
Randomization, or random assignment, is the random allocation of sampling units to conditions.
Wait-list control groups
A control group in which the subjects wait to receive the experimental treatment until after it has been administered to and found effective in the experimental group.
Theory
A framework that describes how and why behavior changes for a given population in a particular setting.
The transtheoretical model
An integrative model that was developed using constructs from other known theories such as the social learning theory and the social cognitive theory. The TTM states that individuals’ behaviors are based on their readiness or stage of change.
Precontemplation stage
The client is not intending to take action toward change and is not considering benefits of change at this time.
Contemplation stage
The client is considering the negative consequences of their behavior and is considering changes within the next 6 months.
Preparation stage
The client has developed a plan of action toward behavior change and will be making changes in the immediate future (next 30 days).
Action stage
The client is actively making behavior changes (regularly active for less than 6 months).
Maintenance stage
The client has been actively maintaining the changes made during the action stage, the new behaviors have been established for 6 months or more, and the client is now working to prevent relapse.
Perceived susceptibility
Beliefs about the chances of getting a disease/condition if you do not exercise.
Perceived severity
Beliefs about the seriousness/ consequences of disease/ condition as a result of inactivity
Perceived benefits
Beliefs about the effectiveness of exercising to reduce susceptibility and/or severity
Perceived barriers
Beliefs about the direct and indirect costs associated with exercise.
Cues to action
Factors that activate the change process and get someone to start exercising.
Self-efficacy
Confidence in someone’s ability to exercise.
S in SMALL for goal setting
Self-selected. Your goals should be your own. Choose goals that fit into your life and only change behaviors that you are willing to negotiate.
M in SMALL for goal setting
Measurable. Develop a concrete way to track your goal.
A in SMALL for goal setting
Action-oriented. Having an action plan allows you to complete the steps needed to make your goals a reality.
1st L in SMALL for goal setting
Linked to your life. Goals are best achieved if they work within your lifestyle and match your challenges and strengths.
2nd L in SMALL for goal setting
Long-term. Because you want to be healthy for life, any changes you consider should be something you could see yourself doing for the rest of your life.
Health Belief Model
Behavior change is predicted by
one’s feeling of susceptibility to
health consequences, the perceived seriousness of the consequences, and the belief that making changes will reduce the risk.
Theory of Plane Behavior
The intention to make behavior change leads to change. If a client has a positive attitude about change, feels that it is enjoyable, has feelings of controllability and self-efficacy, and recognizes that the social network values change, he or she will be more likely to change.
Social Cognitive Theory
Outcome expectations and self-efficacy are the most important factors to behavior change. The physical and social environment is key. One’s skill set, reinforcement and incentives, coping skills, experiences, and thoughts and feelings determine change.
Goal Setting Theory
Setting goals leads to behavior change. Particularly, setting goals that are specific, manageable, attainable, realistic, and time-specific lead
to behavior-change success. Also important to change is self-efficacy, feedback, skill level, and the perceived importance of the goal.
Small Changes Model
Behavior change is achieved through setting realistic, maintainable goals that are small, relative to baseline activity, and cumulative. Combines components such as goal setting, feedback, and self-monitoring to yield achievement
of initial goals and increases in self- efficacy to further behavior change.
Socioecological Theory
Behavior change is a result of not only the individual factors but also the social structure, environment, community, policy, and law.
S in SMART goals
Specific
M in SMART goals
Measurable
A in SMART goals
Action-oriented
R in SMART goals
Realistic
T in SMART goals
Time-oriented
Feedback
Two-way communication between two or more parties.
Rapport
A sense of trust, respect, or confidence, which a client holds for his or her Personal Trainer.
