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Terminolgy > Chapter-7 The Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter-7 The Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Kidneys

A

nephr/o, ren/o

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2
Q

Ureters

A

ureter/o

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3
Q

Bladder

A

cyst/o, vesic/o

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4
Q

Urethra

A

urethr/o

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5
Q

retroperitoneal

A

The kidneys are organs, located behind the
peritoneal cavity

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6
Q

retro=
peritoneal=

A

retro= backward, back, behind,
peritoneal= pertaining to
peritoneum

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7
Q

Where are the kidneys located

A

They are present on
either side of the spine in
the lumbar region at the
level of the 11th and 12th
ribs

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8
Q

Each kidney consists of …parts

A

cortex
medulla

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9
Q

cortex

A

outer part of the kidney
(cortex means bark of a tree)

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10
Q

medulla

A

inner part of the kidney (medulla: means marrow, innermost part)

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11
Q

Hilum

A

depression on the medial border of the kidney through which the ureter, blood vessels and nerves pass
•renal artery enters the hilum​
•renal vein leaves the hilum​
•ureter leaves the hilum

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12
Q

Cali/o, calic/o

A

Calyx small cup

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13
Q

Caliectasis

A

Dilatation of calyx

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14
Q

Caliceal

A

Pertaining to calix

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15
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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16
Q

Pyelolithotomy

A

Renal pelvis is surgically opened to remove the large stones

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17
Q

renal pelvis (pyel/o)

A

All collecting tubules/ducts lead to

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18
Q

Small cup like regions of the renal
pelvis called…..receive the urine and empty
it into the renal pelvis

A

calyces or calices
(singular = calyx or calix; cali/o or
calic/o

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19
Q

The renal pelvis empties urine into
the …

A

ureter

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20
Q

ureter/o

A

ureters

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21
Q

Ureteroplast

A

surgical repair of ureters

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22
Q

Ureters extend from

A

are narrow tubes (16-18 inches long) which
extend from renal pelvis to urinary bladder. They carry urine from a kidney to the urinary
bladder

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23
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

urinary bladder. hollow muscular organ
that temporarily stores urine . It excretes urine through urethra

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24
Q

Cystoscopy

A

process of visualization of bladder

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25
Q

trigon/o

A

triangle (Latin)
A triangular region at the base of
the bladder where ureters enter, and urethra exits.

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26
Q

Urinary meatus

A

(meat/o) external
opening of the urethra.

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27
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra. Tube which carries urine from bladder to outside of body

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28
Q

Urethritis

A

Inflammation of urethra

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29
Q

Urethroplasty

A

Surgical repair of the urethra

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30
Q

Urethral stricture

A

Abnormal narrowing of the urethra

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31
Q

Urethrotomy

A

Incision of the urethra, for relief of a stricture.

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32
Q

Urethrotome

A

Surgical instrument for cutting a urethral stricture.

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33
Q

Nephron

A

Functional units of kidney which form urine

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34
Q

Each nephron contains:

A

• glomerulus (cluster of capillaries)
• bowman’s capsule (membrane surrounding the glomerulus)
• renal tubule (long twisted tube attached to bowman’s
capsule)

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35
Q

glomerul/o

A

Glomerulus

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36
Q

Glomerulus

A

A small convoluted or intertwined mass (of capillaries or nerve fibers). Glomus: ball

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37
Q

nephropathy

A

disease of kidney

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38
Q

nephrosis

A

abnormal condition of kidney

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39
Q

nephrectomy

A

removal of kidney

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40
Q

nephrogram

A

record of kidney

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41
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of kidney

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42
Q

nephrolith

A

kidney stone

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43
Q

nephrologist

A

kidney specialist

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44
Q

nephrosclerosis

A

hardening of kidney arterioles

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45
Q

nephroptosis

A

abnormal drooping of kidney into pelvis (floating kidney)

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46
Q

nephropexy

A

fixation of kidney

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47
Q

-pexy

A

Fixation

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48
Q

nephrostomy

A

new opening from kidney to outside of body

49
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney glomerulus

50
Q

Pyonephrosis

A

abnormal condition, pus in kidney

51
Q

Interstitial nephritis

A

Inflammation of the renal interstitium

52
Q

inter-

A

between

53
Q

-stitial

A

pertaining to, standing or positioned

54
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stones (renal calculi)

55
Q

Hyperuricemia

A

uric refers to uric acid in blood

56
Q

tripsy

A

crushing

57
Q

Lithotripsy

A

process of crushing stone

58
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Swelling of the renal pelvis (with urine) due to obstruction of a ureter

59
Q

Nephrolithotomy

A

Incision for a kidney stone

60
Q

Nephrosonography

A

Process of recording the kidney using sound, such as an ultrasound test.

61
Q

Renal

A

ren/o + -al e.g. renal failure

62
Q

Nephrotic

A

nephr/o + -tic
e.g. nephrotic syndrome

63
Q

Paranephric

A

Pertaining to near/beside kidney

64
Q

Urologist

A

specialist in the diseases of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males

65
Q

cystolithiasis

A

Urinary bladder stone

66
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stone

67
Q

ureterolithiasis

A

Ureteral stone

68
Q

urethrolithiasis

A

Urethral stone

69
Q

Lithotrite

A

An instrument used to crush a stone present in the bladder or urethra. Also called a lithoclast

70
Q

pyelogram

A

record of renal pelvis & ureters

71
Q

pyelolithotomy

A

Incision of renal pelvis to remove a stone

72
Q

pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and medulla

73
Q

pyelocaliectasis

A

dilatation of the kidney pelvis and calices

74
Q

ureteroplasty

A

surgical repair of the ureter

75
Q

ureterectasis

A

dilation of the ureter

76
Q

ureterolithotomy

A

incision of ureter to remove a stone

77
Q

ureteroileostomy

A

A new opening of the ureters to an isolated portion of the ileum that has been removed and connected to the outside of the body for passage of urine to the outside of the body when the urinary bladder is not functioning

78
Q

cystectomy

A

excision of the bladder

79
Q

cystostomy

A

new opening in bladder

80
Q

cystotomy

A

incision into bladder

81
Q

cystoplasty

A

surgical repair of bladder

82
Q

cystorrhagia

A

bleeding from bladder

83
Q

cystoscope

A

instrument to examine inside bladder

84
Q

cystalgia

A

bladder pain

85
Q

cystodynia

A

bladder pain

86
Q

cystogram

A

record of bladder

87
Q

cystic

A

pertaining to bladder

88
Q

Cystitis

A

bladder inflammation

89
Q

Cystolith

A

bladder stone

90
Q

intravesical

A

Pertaining to within the urinary bladder

91
Q

perivesical

A

pertaining to around the urinary perivesical bladder

92
Q

vesicoureteral reflux

A

backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters

93
Q

renal ischemia

A

deficiency of blood flow to a kidney
due to obstruction of arteries

94
Q

renal colic

A

Intermittent spasm of pain in kidney due to inflammation or calculi in a kidney or a ureter

95
Q

meatal stenosis

A

stricture/narrowing pertaining to meatus

96
Q

meatotomy

A

meatus widening by incision

97
Q

trigonitis

A

Inflammation of the trigone (region of the bladder)

98
Q

urinary

A

pertaining to urine

99
Q

Micturition, Voiding or Urination

A

Releasing urine from body

100
Q

bacteri/o

A

Bacteria, Bacteriuria

101
Q

azot/o

A

Nitogen, Nitrogenous waste , azotemia (uremia)

102
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

It is an inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

103
Q

Diabetes

A

to passing through

104
Q

insipidus

A

tasteless, lacking flavor

105
Q

noct/o

A

Night

106
Q

nocturia

A

voluntary, frequent urination at night

107
Q

Olig/o

A

scanty olig/o ,oliguria, (very little)

108
Q

ur/o

A

urine, urea

109
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine or
bed-wetting

110
Q

diuresis

A

polyuria

111
Q

Urochrome

A

chrome (color) is the pigment
that gives urine its normal color.

112
Q

stress incontinence

A

Involuntary discharge of urine with stress on bladder during coughing, sneezing or sudden movement

113
Q

urgency incontinence

A

Involuntary leakage of urine when
there is an urge or desire to void

114
Q

urinary retention

A

Abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder, when the outflow of urine from the bladder is blocked

115
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux

A

Abnormal backflow of urine from bladder to the ureter

116
Q

Metastatic hypernephroma

A

A renal cell carcinoma which has spread to secondary organs andtissues

117
Q

Fulguration

A

the destruction of small growths or areas of tissue using diathermy (electric current).

118
Q

Ureteroneocystostomy in Renal transplantation

A

transplantation of a ureter to a different site (other than the natural), in the bladder
Ureter/o: ureter, -neo: new, Cyst/o: bladder, -stomy: creation of an opening like a mouth

Terminolgy (13 decks)

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