Chapter-7 The Urinary System Flashcards
Kidneys
nephr/o, ren/o
Ureters
ureter/o
Bladder
cyst/o, vesic/o
Urethra
urethr/o
retroperitoneal
The kidneys are organs, located behind the
peritoneal cavity
retro=
peritoneal=
retro= backward, back, behind,
peritoneal= pertaining to
peritoneum
Where are the kidneys located
They are present on
either side of the spine in
the lumbar region at the
level of the 11th and 12th
ribs
Each kidney consists of …parts
cortex
medulla
cortex
outer part of the kidney
(cortex means bark of a tree)
medulla
inner part of the kidney (medulla: means marrow, innermost part)
Hilum
depression on the medial border of the kidney through which the ureter, blood vessels and nerves pass
•renal artery enters the hilum
•renal vein leaves the hilum
•ureter leaves the hilum
Cali/o, calic/o
Calyx small cup
Caliectasis
Dilatation of calyx
Caliceal
Pertaining to calix
pyel/o
renal pelvis
Pyelolithotomy
Renal pelvis is surgically opened to remove the large stones
renal pelvis (pyel/o)
All collecting tubules/ducts lead to
Small cup like regions of the renal
pelvis called…..receive the urine and empty
it into the renal pelvis
calyces or calices
(singular = calyx or calix; cali/o or
calic/o
The renal pelvis empties urine into
the …
ureter
ureter/o
ureters
Ureteroplast
surgical repair of ureters
Ureters extend from
are narrow tubes (16-18 inches long) which
extend from renal pelvis to urinary bladder. They carry urine from a kidney to the urinary
bladder
cyst/o, vesic/o
urinary bladder. hollow muscular organ
that temporarily stores urine . It excretes urine through urethra
Cystoscopy
process of visualization of bladder
trigon/o
triangle (Latin)
A triangular region at the base of
the bladder where ureters enter, and urethra exits.
Urinary meatus
(meat/o) external
opening of the urethra.
urethr/o
urethra. Tube which carries urine from bladder to outside of body
Urethritis
Inflammation of urethra
Urethroplasty
Surgical repair of the urethra
Urethral stricture
Abnormal narrowing of the urethra
Urethrotomy
Incision of the urethra, for relief of a stricture.
Urethrotome
Surgical instrument for cutting a urethral stricture.
Nephron
Functional units of kidney which form urine
Each nephron contains:
• glomerulus (cluster of capillaries)
• bowman’s capsule (membrane surrounding the glomerulus)
• renal tubule (long twisted tube attached to bowman’s
capsule)
glomerul/o
Glomerulus
Glomerulus
A small convoluted or intertwined mass (of capillaries or nerve fibers). Glomus: ball
nephropathy
disease of kidney
nephrosis
abnormal condition of kidney
nephrectomy
removal of kidney
nephrogram
record of kidney
nephritis
inflammation of kidney
nephrolith
kidney stone
nephrologist
kidney specialist
nephrosclerosis
hardening of kidney arterioles
nephroptosis
abnormal drooping of kidney into pelvis (floating kidney)
nephropexy
fixation of kidney
-pexy
Fixation
nephrostomy
new opening from kidney to outside of body
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the kidney glomerulus
Pyonephrosis
abnormal condition, pus in kidney
Interstitial nephritis
Inflammation of the renal interstitium
inter-
between
-stitial
pertaining to, standing or positioned
Nephrolithiasis
kidney stones (renal calculi)
Hyperuricemia
uric refers to uric acid in blood
tripsy
crushing
Lithotripsy
process of crushing stone
Hydronephrosis
Swelling of the renal pelvis (with urine) due to obstruction of a ureter
Nephrolithotomy
Incision for a kidney stone
Nephrosonography
Process of recording the kidney using sound, such as an ultrasound test.
Renal
ren/o + -al e.g. renal failure
Nephrotic
nephr/o + -tic
e.g. nephrotic syndrome
Paranephric
Pertaining to near/beside kidney
Urologist
specialist in the diseases of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males
cystolithiasis
Urinary bladder stone
nephrolithiasis
kidney stone
ureterolithiasis
Ureteral stone
urethrolithiasis
Urethral stone
Lithotrite
An instrument used to crush a stone present in the bladder or urethra. Also called a lithoclast
pyelogram
record of renal pelvis & ureters
pyelolithotomy
Incision of renal pelvis to remove a stone
pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis and medulla
pyelocaliectasis
dilatation of the kidney pelvis and calices
ureteroplasty
surgical repair of the ureter
ureterectasis
dilation of the ureter
ureterolithotomy
incision of ureter to remove a stone
ureteroileostomy
A new opening of the ureters to an isolated portion of the ileum that has been removed and connected to the outside of the body for passage of urine to the outside of the body when the urinary bladder is not functioning
cystectomy
excision of the bladder
cystostomy
new opening in bladder
cystotomy
incision into bladder
cystoplasty
surgical repair of bladder
cystorrhagia
bleeding from bladder
cystoscope
instrument to examine inside bladder
cystalgia
bladder pain
cystodynia
bladder pain
cystogram
record of bladder
cystic
pertaining to bladder
Cystitis
bladder inflammation
Cystolith
bladder stone
intravesical
Pertaining to within the urinary bladder
perivesical
pertaining to around the urinary perivesical bladder
vesicoureteral reflux
backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters
renal ischemia
deficiency of blood flow to a kidney
due to obstruction of arteries
renal colic
Intermittent spasm of pain in kidney due to inflammation or calculi in a kidney or a ureter
meatal stenosis
stricture/narrowing pertaining to meatus
meatotomy
meatus widening by incision
trigonitis
Inflammation of the trigone (region of the bladder)
urinary
pertaining to urine
Micturition, Voiding or Urination
Releasing urine from body
bacteri/o
Bacteria, Bacteriuria
azot/o
Nitogen, Nitrogenous waste , azotemia (uremia)
Diabetes insipidus
It is an inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Diabetes
to passing through
insipidus
tasteless, lacking flavor
noct/o
Night
nocturia
voluntary, frequent urination at night
Olig/o
scanty olig/o ,oliguria, (very little)
ur/o
urine, urea
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine or
bed-wetting
diuresis
polyuria
Urochrome
chrome (color) is the pigment
that gives urine its normal color.
stress incontinence
Involuntary discharge of urine with stress on bladder during coughing, sneezing or sudden movement
urgency incontinence
Involuntary leakage of urine when
there is an urge or desire to void
urinary retention
Abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder, when the outflow of urine from the bladder is blocked
Vesicoureteral reflux
Abnormal backflow of urine from bladder to the ureter
Metastatic hypernephroma
A renal cell carcinoma which has spread to secondary organs andtissues
Fulguration
the destruction of small growths or areas of tissue using diathermy (electric current).
Ureteroneocystostomy in Renal transplantation
transplantation of a ureter to a different site (other than the natural), in the bladder
Ureter/o: ureter, -neo: new, Cyst/o: bladder, -stomy: creation of an opening like a mouth
