Chapter-12 Respiratory System Flashcards
Pharyng/o
Pharynx, throat
Phon
Voice
Phren/o
Diaphragm
Pleur/o
Pleura, chest wall
Pulmon/o
Lung
Rhin/o, nas/o
Nose
Sinus/o
Sinus, cavity
Spir/o
Breathing
Tel/o
Complete
Thorac/o
Chest
Tonsill/o
Tonsils
Trache/o
Trachea, windpipe
-ema
Condition
-osmia
Smell
-ptysis
Spitting
-pnea
Breathing
-sphyxia
Pulse
-thorax
Chest, pleural cavity
Pharyngeal
Pertaining to the pharynx
Laryngeal
Pertaining to larynx
Bronchopleural
Pertaining to the bronchial (tube and pleura)
Alveolar
Pertaining to the alveoli/ air sacs
Pulmonary
Pertaining to the lungs
Thoracic
Pertaining to the chest
Expectoration
Coughing / spitting out material brought into the mouth by coughing from
Emphysema
Hyperinflation of air sacs destruction of alveolar
Asthma
Chronic allergic disorder with episodes of severe breathing difficulties, coughing, and wheezing.
Bronchiectasis
Chronic dilation of the bronchi as a result of uncured lung infection
Acute nasopharyngitis
Common cold
Allergic rhinitis
Allergies of nasal cavity
Rhinorrhea
Runny nose, excessive flow from nose
Epistaxis
Nosebleed
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinuses
Anosmia
Loss of sense of smell
Staxis
Dripping of oozing
Hypercapnia
An excess of carbon dioxide in the blood.
Hemoptysis
spitting of blood caused by pulmonary or bronchial
hemorrhage (ptysis = spitting)
Epiglottis
epiglott/o لسان المزمار
Laryng/o
Larynx
bronch/o,bronchi/o
bronchial tube, bronchus
bronchiol/o
bronchiole, small bronchus
alveol/o
alveolus, air sac
pneum/o, pneumon/o
lungs
Paranasal
Pertaining to near nose
The paranasal sinuses
are air filled spaces around the nose
Pharynx is divided into three parts
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
nasopharynx
upper portion,
located behind nose
oropharynx
middle portion,
located behind mouth
laryngopharynx
lower
portion, behind larynx
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
Located in the nasopharynx are
2 rounded masses of lymphatic
tissue these are the
palatine tonsils
tonsils are in the oropharynx.
glottis
The space between vocal cords is called
trachea or windpipe
Air passes from the larynx into It. Extends from larynx in the neck and divides into the bronchi in the chest
Trachea branches into 2 tubes
Bronchi, bronchus for singular
bronchioles
Each bronchus leads to separate lung and divides and subdivides into smaller tubes they look like tree and are called bronchial tree
Alveoli (singular = alveolus)
are very small grapelike structures, they allow gas exchange between lungs and blood
Parietal pleura
membrane attached to ribs
Visceral pleura
membrane attached to lung
pleural space
pleural cavity is the space between these 2 membranes (Parietal pleura & Visceral pleura).
Pleurodynia
Pain (due to inflammation) of pleura (or intercostal muscle).
Pleural effusion
Fluid from blood or lymph vessels draining into the pleural cavity.
Right lung has 3 lobes:
- superior,
- middle and
- inferior
Left lung has 2 lobes:
- superior,
- inferior
mediastinum
The space between lungs. contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus,
and bronchi
Diaphragm (phren/o)
It is the muscle that
separates the thoracic cavity
and abdominal cavity.
• It is for breathing.
Phrenic = phren / ic
pertaining to diaphragm
Adenoid/o
Adenoids
Capn/o
Carbon dioxide
Coni/o
Dust
Cyan/o
Blue
Ortho
Straight, upright
Lob/o
Lobe of lung
Pector/o
Chest
Pharyngitis
inflammation of pharynx commonly known as sore
throat.
Laryngoplegia
paralysis of larynx
Laryngospasm
uncontrolled contraction of the larynx
Phon/o
mean sound, voice
Dysphonia
any voice impairment
(ضعف)
Aphonia
the loss of ability to produce speech sounds
Laryngitis
the inflammation of the larynx, commonly used to
describe voice loss caused by inflammation
Tracheitis
inflammation of trachea
Bronchitis
inflammation of bronchial walls
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation of bronchioles
Pleuritis
(Pleurisy) inflammation of the pleura
Pleuralgia
(pleurodynia) pleural membrane pain
Pleural effusion
accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
Mesothelioma
Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura.
Pyothorax (or Empyema)
accumulation of pus in pleural cavity
Pneumothorax
air in the pleural cavity
Hemothorax
accumulation of blood in pleural cavity
Hydrothorax
collection of fluid in the pleural cavity
Pneumorrhagia
bleeding from lungs
Pulmonary edema
accumulation of fluid in lung tissues
Atelectasis
(Atel = incomplete, -ectasis = stretching/dilation)
– (collapsed lung) condition in which lungs fail to expand
Pulmonary infarction
Area of necrosis (death of lung tissue)
Tuberculosis (TB)
infectious disease of the lungs, caused by
mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs in which air sacs fill with
pus. It can be caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic infection
or by chemical irritants.
Pneumoconiosis
Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection and bronchitis
Eupnea
normal breathing
Dyspnea
difficult breathing
Apnea
absence of breathing
Orthopnea
Breathing is possible in upright position
Bradypnea
slow rate of breathing
Tachypnea
rapid rate of breathing
Hypopnea
shallow breathing
Hyperpnea
deep breathing
Hypoxia
reduced supply of oxygen to the tissues
Anoxia
absence of oxygen from tissues
Asphyxia
suffocation or interruption of breathing
Cyanosis
bluish discoloration of skin caused by lack of
adequate oxygen
Otorhinolaryngologist or otolaryngologist
specializes in the diseases of ears, nose and throat (ENT)
Pulmonologist
specializes in the diseases of the lungs
Respiratory therapist (RT)
provides treatment that helps breathing problems
Respiration rate (RR)
number of respirations per minute
Spirometry
measurement of patient’s breathing capacity with
a spirometer (spiro = to breath)
Sputum specimen
specimen of material expectorated from mouth
Bronchoscopy
examination of interior of bronchi using bronchoscope
Laryngoscopy
examination of interior of larynx using laryngoscope
Bronchoscopy
Endoscope inserted into the bronchial tubes for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of specimens
Mediastinoscopy
Visual examination of the mediastinum
Bronchodilator
drug that expand the opening of the passages into lungs
Rhinoplasty
Surgical repair of the nose
Septoplasty
surgical repair of nasal septum
Sinusotomy
surgical incision into sinus
Endotracheal intubation
passage of tube into trachea to establish airway
Nasogastric intubation
A tube passes through the nose into the stomach and the upper region of the intestines
Tracheostomy
Surgical creation of opening into the trachea through the neck
Thoracentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from pleural space
