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Terminolgy > Chapter 15 Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Bones (oste)

A

provide the framework on which the body is
constructed, protect and support internal organs.

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2
Q

Joints (arthritis/o, articul/o)

A

places where bones come together. The bones are joined with each other by ligaments.

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3
Q

Muscles (my/o)

A

Whether attached to bones or to internal
organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movements. The
muscles attached to bones by tendons.

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4
Q

osseous (bony) tissue.

A

Bones are organ composed chiefly of connective tissue

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5
Q

Diaphysis

A

the shaft or middle region of
the bone.

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6
Q

Epiphysis

A

each end of bone.

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7
Q

Metaphysis

A

the flared portion of the
bone; it lies between epiphysis and
diaphysis.

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8
Q

Epiphyseal line or growth plate

A

an area of cartilage tissue that is constantly replaced
by new bone tissue as the bone grows.

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9
Q

Periosteum

A

strong, fibrous, vascular
membrane that covers the surface of bone.

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10
Q

Compact (cortical) bone

A

layer of dense
and hard bone lies under the periosteum.

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11
Q

Spongy (cancellous or trabecular) bone

A

porous and less dense.

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12
Q

Bone head

A

Rounded end of the bone

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13
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded knuckle like process

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14
Q

Epicondyle

A

Small rounded process above the condyle

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15
Q

Trochanters

A

Large and small process for tendon attachments

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16
Q

Tuberosity/tubercle

A

Small round elevation where tendon and muscles attached

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17
Q

Fissure

A

Narrow groove or slit like opening

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18
Q

Foramen

A

Opening for blood vessels and nerves

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19
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow cavity in or a bone

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20
Q

Sinus

A

Hollow cavity within bone.

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21
Q

Calc/o, calci/o

A

Calcium

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22
Q

Decalcification

A

de- means lack of; calcification means calci/o calcium
calcium deposition .

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23
Q

Kyph/o

A

humpback

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24
Q

Kyphosis

A

This term indicates the hump on the back.

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25
Q

Lord/o

A

Curve

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26
Q

Lordosis

A

The normal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine becomes exaggerated.

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27
Q

Lumb/o

A

Loins, lower back

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28
Q

Lamin/o

A

Lamina

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29
Q

Laminectomy

A

Surgical removal of lamina and spinous
process of vertebra.

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30
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow

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31
Q

Myelopoiesis

A

Production of bone marrow cells.

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32
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone

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33
Q

Osteitis

A

Inflammation of bone.

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34
Q

Orth/o

A

Straight

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35
Q

Orthopedics

A

Orth/O means straight and ped/o straight
means child. It is a specialty that focus on
musculoskeletal disease.

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36
Q

Scoli/o

A

Crooked, bent

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37
Q

Scoliosis

A

The spinal column is bent abnormally
to the side.

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38
Q

Spondyl/o

A

Vertebra

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39
Q

Spondylosis

A

Degeneration of the intervertebral
disks in the spinal column.

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40
Q

Vertebroplasty

A

Surgical repair of the vertebrae.

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41
Q

Clavicul/o

A

Clavicle, collar bone

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42
Q

Scaplu/o

A

Scapula, shoulder blade

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43
Q

Humer/o

A

Humerus, upper arm bone

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44
Q

Radi/o

A

Radius, radial bone, the outsider bone of arm

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45
Q

Uln/o

A

Ulna, forearm bone

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46
Q

Carp/o

A

Carpal bones, wrist bones

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47
Q

Metacarp/o

A

Metacarpal bones, hand bones

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48
Q

Phalang/o

A

Phalanges, fingers or toes

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49
Q

Acetabul/o

A

Acetabulum, hip socket

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50
Q

ili/o

A

Ilium, upper part of pelvic bone

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51
Q

Ischi/o

A

Ischium, posterior part of pelvic bone

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52
Q

Femur/o

A

Femur, thigh bone

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53
Q

Tibi/o

A

Tibia, bone of leg

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54
Q

Fibul/o

A

Fibula, leg bone outer

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55
Q

Malleol/o

A

Malleolus, process on each side of ankle

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56
Q

Tars/o

A

Tarsal, bones of hind foot

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57
Q

Metatars/o

A

Metatarsal, foot bone

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58
Q

Olecran/o

A

Olecranon, elbow

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59
Q

Patell/o

A

Patella, knee cap

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60
Q

Pelv/i

A

Pelvis, hipbone

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61
Q

Pub/o

A

Pubis, anterior part of the pelvis bone

62
Q

Perone/o

A

Fibula

63
Q

Crani/o

A

Cranium, without mandible

64
Q

Stern/o

A

Sternum, breast bone, in the middle of chest

65
Q

Cost/o

A

Ribs

66
Q

Mandibul/o

A

Mandible, lower jawbone

67
Q

Maxill/o

A

Maxilla, upper jawbone

68
Q

Joint capsule

A

fibrous tissue surrounding a synovial joint.

69
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Bones at the joints are covered with a smooth,
glistening white tissue called articular cartilage.

70
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Lies under the joint capsule and lines the synovial cavity.

71
Q

Synovial fluid

A

A special lubricating fluid produced by the synovial
membrane present in the synovial cavity.

72
Q

Meniscus

A

It is a crescent shaped fibrocartilaginous structure that partly divides a joint cavity and act as a protective cushion.

73
Q

Bursa

A

It is a closed sac of synovial fluid lined with the
synovial membrane that are located near the joint.

74
Q

Tendon

A

It is a connective tissue structure that connects the muscle to the bone.

75
Q

Ligaments

A

It is a connective tissue structure binding
bone with the bone

76
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff

77
Q

Ankylosis

A

Stiffness of a joint

78
Q

arthr/o

A

Joint

79
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Surgical repair/replacement of a joint.

80
Q

Arthrotomy

A

Creation of opening in the joint

81
Q

articul/o

A

Joint, Articular cartilage

82
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

83
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of bursa

84
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

85
Q

Achondroplasia

A

An inherited condition in which bones of
the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation.

86
Q

ligament/o

A

ligament

87
Q

rheumat/o

A

Watery flow

88
Q

synov/o

A

Synovial membrane

89
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

90
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

91
Q

-desis

A

To bind, tie together

92
Q

Arthrodesis

A

surgical immobilization of a joint by fusion of the bones.

93
Q

-stenosis

A

Narrowing

94
Q

Spinal stenosis

A

Narrowing of the spinal canal

95
Q

Striated muscles

A

The muscles are striated as they shows striations under
microscope (Striations means a series of ridges, furrows or linear marks)

96
Q

Voluntary muscles

A

The muscles are in our conscious control

97
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

The muscles attached with the bones

98
Q

Smooth Muscles

A

They are smooth as they forms sheet of fiber with no
striations.

99
Q

Involuntary muscles

A

These muscles are not in our conscious control

100
Q

Visceral muscles

A

Visceral as they are present in the viscera (internal organs)

101
Q

Cardiac muscles

A

are present only in heart

102
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle between the two bones; bending a limb.

103
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle between the two bones; straightening out a limb.

104
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body

105
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline of the body

106
Q

Rotation

A

Circular movement around an axis. Internal rotation is toward the center of the body and external rotation is away from the center of the body.

107
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot moves upward, toward the knee or ceiling.

108
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Motion that moves the foot downward toward the ground as when pointing the toes.

109
Q

Supination

A

As applied to the hand and forearm, where the elbow is bent, the act of turning the palm up.

110
Q

Pronation

A

As applied to the hand and forearm, where the elbow is bent, the act of turning the palm down.

111
Q

fasci/o

A

Fascia, forms heaths envelope muscle

112
Q

Fasciotomy

A

fascia is to cut relieve tension or pressure on muscles.

113
Q

fibr/o

A

Fibrous connective
tissue

114
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

chronic pain and stiffness in muscles

115
Q

leiomy/o

A

Smooth (visceral)
muscles
that lines
the walls of internal organs

116
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Benign tumor of smooth muscles

117
Q

Leiomyosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor of
smooth muscles

118
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

119
Q

myocardia/o

A

Heart muscle

120
Q

myos/o

A

Muscle

121
Q

plant/o

A

Sole of the foot

122
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

Skeletal muscle rhabdomy/o
(striated) muscle connected to bones

123
Q

Rhabdomyoma

A

Benign tumor of skeletal muscles

124
Q

Rhabdomysarcoma

A

malignant tumor of skeletal muscles

125
Q

sarco/o

A

Muscle and flesh

126
Q

Sarcopenia

A

loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging

127
Q

-asthenia

A

Lack of strength

128
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Muscles lose strength because of failure in transmission of the nerve impulse from the nerve to the muscle cells.

129
Q

-trophy

A

Development, nourishment

130
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in size of an organ and tissue

131
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in size of an organ and tissue

132
Q

ab-

A

Away from

133
Q

ad-

A

toward

134
Q

dorsi-

A

Back

135
Q

poly-

A

Many, much

136
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumor arising from the bone tissue.

137
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone.

138
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone marrow secondary to infection.
Osteomyelitis

139
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Decrease in the bone density leads to thinning and the weakening of the bone.

140
Q

Gouty arthritis

A

inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body.

141
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

progressive, degenerative joint disease with inflammation and loss of articular cartilage.

142
Q

Dislocation

A

displacement of a bone
from its joints.

143
Q

Ganglionic cyst

A

Fluid- filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons.

144
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

group of inherited disease characterized by
progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system.

145
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Surgical; procedure to remove fluid from the joint space.

146
Q

Arthrography

A

Taking X-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint.

147
Q

Arthroplasty

A

Surgical repair or replacement of a joint.

148
Q

Arthroscopy

A

Visual examination of a
joint with an arthroscope, which projects an image on a video monitor.

149
Q

Bone scan

A

Uptake of radioactive substance is measure in the bone

150
Q

Diskography

A

X-ray examination intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus.

151
Q

Electromyography

A

Recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation.

Terminolgy (13 decks)

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