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Terminolgy > Chapter-11 The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter-11 The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

cardi/o, coron/o

A

Heart

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2
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

Blood

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3
Q

valv/o, valvul/o

A

Valve

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4
Q

thromb/o

A

Clot

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5
Q

sphygm/o

A

Pulse

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6
Q

steth/o

A

Chest

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7
Q

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

A

Vessel

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8
Q

arter/o, arteri/o

A

Arteries

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9
Q

phleb/o, ven/o, ven/I

A

Veins

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10
Q

capill/o

A

Capillaries

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11
Q

The Human heart lies just
behind the breastbone in the

A

mediastinum (between the lungs).

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12
Q

cardiac apex

A

the narrow tip of the heart.

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13
Q

Cardiacapical

A

Pertaining to the pointed end of cone shaped part

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14
Q

pericardium

A

the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.

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15
Q

Parietal

A

(means wall) pericardium: it is outer layer.

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16
Q

Viscerral

A

(related to viscera) Pericardium: it is inner layer
adhering to the heart.

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17
Q

pericardial fluid

A

a fluid present between the layers of the heart

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18
Q

Pericardiocentesis

A

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pericardial sac.

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19
Q

The walls of the heart are made up of three layers:

A

-epicardium
-myocardium
-endocardium

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20
Q

The epicardium

A

(external layer)
Epi-(Above)+ cardi/o (heart) + um

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21
Q

The myocardium

A

(middle layer)
Myo-(Muscles)+ cardi/o (heart) + um

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22
Q

The endocardium

A

(inner layer)
Endo-(Within)+ cardi/o (heart) + um

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23
Q

The heart is consisting of four chambers:

A

Upper: Atria (singular -
atrium).

  1. Right atrium 2. Left atrium

Lower: ventricles.

  1. Right ventricle 2. Left ventricle
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24
Q

The atria

A

are the receiving chambers. All blood vessels coming into the heart, enters here.

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25
Q

The right and left atrium are
separated by

A

interatrial (between) septum (dividing wall)

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26
Q

ventricles

A

are the pumping chambers. All vessels leaving the heart come out of the ventricles

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27
Q

The right and left ventricles are separated by

A

interventricular septum

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28
Q

Heart has four valves

A

Semilunar valves :
1.Pulmonary semilunar valve
2. Aortic semilunar valve

Atrioventricular valves:
3.Tricuspid valve
4.Bicuspid valve (mitral valve)

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29
Q

There are three major types of blood vessels in the body:

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Capillaries
  3. Veins
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30
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry high oxygen blood away from the heart to all regions of the body
Walls contains smooth muscle and elastic tissue, can
dilate or constrict

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31
Q

arterioles

A

Smallest branches of arteries , they
carry the blood to capillaries.

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32
Q

Endarterial

A

pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery

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33
Q

aorta

A

the main trunk of the arterial system. It
begins from the left ventricle of the heart

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34
Q

coronary arteries

A

branches from the aorta and supplies blood to the myocardium.

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35
Q

Arterial anastomosis

A

a connection between arteries

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36
Q

Capillaries

A

• The smallest vessels that connects the arterial and venous circulatory systems.
• They have walls that are only one endothelial cell thickness.
• They have slow and continuous blood flow.

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37
Q

venules

A

Waste filled blood then flows back to the heart in small venules which combine to form large veins.

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38
Q

Veins

A

• return the waste filled blood to the heart.
• They have thinner walls compared with arteries.
• They are less elastic than the arteries.
• They have valves that allow blood to flow toward the heart and not away from the heart.
• Contractions of the skeletal muscles cause the blood to flow through the veins toward the heart

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39
Q

venae cavae

A

(VEE-nee KAY-vee) are the 2 large veins that
enter the heart

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40
Q

superior vena cava

A

(VEE-nah KAY-vah) or SVC brings blood from the upper portion of the body

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41
Q

inferior vena cava or IVC

A

brings blood from the lower portion of the body

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42
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

the flow of blood between the heart and the lungs.

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43
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

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44
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

carries oxygenated blood to the heart.

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45
Q

Systemic circulation

A

the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs.

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46
Q

There are 2 phases of the
heartbeat:

A
  1. Diastole
  2. Systole
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47
Q

Diastole

A

It occurs when the ventricle walls relax. The tricuspid and mitral valves opens.

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48
Q

Systole

A

It occurs when ventricle walls contract. The tricuspid and mitral valves close. The pulmonary and aortic valves opens.

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49
Q

There are 2 heart sounds on
closure of the heart valves:

A
  1. Lubb
  2. Dubb
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50
Q

Lubb

A

It is associated with the
closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves at the beginning of the systole.

51
Q

Dubb

A

It is associated with
the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of systole.

52
Q

Stethoscope

A

An instrument to listen or to auscultate sounds within the chest

53
Q

Pulse

A

rhythmic expansion and
contraction of an artery

54
Q

Blood pressure(120/80 mmHg)

A

measurement of amount of
pressure exerted against vessel
walls. It is measured using a
sphygmomanometer.

55
Q

Systolic pressure (120 mmHg)

A

occurs when ventricles contract
• is the highest pressure

56
Q

Diastolic pressure (80mmHg)

A

occurs when ventricles relax
• is the lowest pressure

57
Q

ECG

A

The record used to detect the
electrical changes in the heart

58
Q

Cardiac arrhythmia, dysrhythmia

A

• Irregularity or loss of normal rhythm of
heartbeat
• These are the problems with the
electrical system of the heart.

59
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally slow heartbeat(< 60 beats
per min)

60
Q

Tachycardia

A

Abnormally fast heartbeat (>100 beats
per min)

61
Q

Flutter

A

Rapid but regular contraction usually of atria. Heart rate may reach up to 300 beats/min.

62
Q

Fibrillation

A

Very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart.( 350 beats or more/min).

63
Q

Palpitation

A

Subjective experience of feeling rapid heartbeat

64
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

• Ather/o = plaque (yellowish);
• -sclerosis = hardening.
(Accumulation of fatty deposits in arterial wall).

65
Q

Atheroma

A

• Ather/o = plaque (yellowish);
• -oma = tumor (mass)
A plaque (fatty deposit) on the wall of the artery.

66
Q

Ischemia

A

• Isch/o (to hold back)
• - emia (blood condition)
A decreased blood flow to tissue, caused
by constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel.

67
Q

Infarct

A

A localized area of necrosis (tissue death) caused by
interruption of blood supply.

68
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI):

A

It is also known as heart attack. It means death of the
heart tissue.

69
Q

Valvulitis

A

Inflammation of valve.

70
Q

Heart murmur

A

Abnormal sound of the heart
(caused by defects in the valve).

71
Q

Mitral or Aortic valve prolapse

A

Protrusion of the mitral or aortic valve causing improper closure.

72
Q

Mitral or Aortic valve stenosis:

A

mitral or aortic valve narrowing.

73
Q

CHF

A

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood.

74
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Fluid accumulation in the lungs.

75
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin due to deficiency of oxygen in the blood (hypoxia or anoxia )

76
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Enlargement of the heart

77
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease condition of the heart muscle

78
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Inadequate circulation of blood due to primary failure of the ventricles of heart to function effectively

79
Q

Carditis: card/o +itis

A

Inflammation of the heart

80
Q

Endocarditis endo + card/o +itis

A

Inflammation of the inner layer of the heart or the endocardium

81
Q

Myocarditis Myo +card/o +itis

A

Inflammation of the middle layer of the heart or the myocardium

82
Q

pericarditis peri +card/o +itis

A

Inflammation of the outer layer of the heart or the pericardium

83
Q

Aneurysm

A

Widening, bulging of the wall of an artery caused by congenital defect or acquired weakness.

84
Q

Varicose veins

A

Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs.

85
Q

Varicosity

A

one area of swelling

86
Q

Varices

A

plural of varix e.g.
oesophageal varices

87
Q

Angiitis (vasculitis)

A

Inflammation of vessel

88
Q

Angionecrosis

A

Necrosis(cellular death) of a wall of blood vessel.

89
Q

Angiospasm

A

Contraction of blood vessel.

90
Q

Angiostenosis

A

Narrowing of blood vessel.

91
Q

Hemangioma

A

Newly formed benign tumor in the blood vessel .

92
Q

Thrombus

A

• Thromb/O meaning clot
• Blood clot attached to the interior wall
(lumen) of an artery or vein
• Stationary blood clot

93
Q

Thrombosis

A

Abnormal condition of (having a) thrombus

94
Q

Deep Vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

Blood clot forms in the large vein.

95
Q

Embolus

A

• embol/o meaning something inserted
• Foreign object ( blood clot, air, fat) carried
in the blood to a distant location from its origin.

96
Q

Embolism

A

Condition of Blockage of a vessel by an embolus

97
Q

Thrombolysis

A

Breakdown of a clot

98
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein with clot formation

99
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

narrowing of a vessel

100
Q

Vasodilation

A

widening of a vessel

101
Q

Vascular

A

pertaining to blood vessels

102
Q

Arteritis

A

Inflammation of an artery

103
Q

Polyarteritis

A

Inflammation of several arteries

104
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

105
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

106
Q

phlebotomy

A

incision of a vein

107
Q

venous

A

pertaining to vein

108
Q

venipuncture

A

incision of a vein

109
Q

intravenous

A

administered into, a vein

110
Q

Myxoma

A

benign tumor from mucoid connective tissue most frequently occurring in the left atrium

111
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

high level of cholesterol in the blood

112
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Patent (“pay tent” = open)

A

When the aorta and pulmonary artery are abnormally connected after birth.

113
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

narrowing of the aorta

114
Q

Septal defect

A

A hole between the two atria

115
Q

Angiography (Arteriography)

A

Procedure involving visualization of blood vessel after injection of contrast medium

116
Q

Angiogram

A

record obtained by angiography.

117
Q

Echocardiography (ECHO)

A

Echoes generated by high- frequency sound waves produce images of the heart.

118
Q

Percutaneous transluminal
coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

A

Also called balloon angioplasty A small balloon on the end of a catheter is used to open a partially blocked artery by flattening the plaque deposit

119
Q

Coronary artery bypass grafting

A

Arteries and veins are anastomosed surgically to coronary arteries to detour around blockage.

120
Q

Valvuloplasty

A

surgical repair of a valve

121
Q

Valvotomy

A

incision of a valve

122
Q

Atherectomy

A

Surgical removal of plaque from interior lining of an artery

123
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of the lining of an artery that is clogged with plaque.

Terminolgy (13 decks)

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