Chapter 4 Flashcards
Carp/o
Wrist bones
Cib/o
Meals
Cis/o
To cut
Cost/o
Rib
Cutane/o
Skin
Dactyl/o
Fingers toes
Duct/o
To lead, carry
Flex/o
To bend
Furc /o
Forking, branching
Gloss/o
Tongue
Glyc/o
Sugar
Immun/o
Protection
Morph/o
Shape, form
Mort/o
Death
Nat/i
Birth
Nect/o
To bind, tie
Norm/o
Rule, order
Ox/o
Oxygen
Pub/o
Pubis (pubic bone): anterior portion f the pelvic bone
Seps/o
Infection
Somn/o
Sleep
Son/o
Sound
The/o
To put, place
Thel/o, theli/o
Nipple,
Thyro/o
Thyroid gland
Top/o
Place, position, location
Tox/o
Poison
Trache/o
Trachea, windpipe
Urethr/o
Urethra
-blast
Embryonic, immature
-crine
To secrete
-cyesis
Pregnancy
-drome
To run
-fusion
Coming together, to pour
-gen
Substrate the produce
-lapse
To slide, fall, sag
-lysis
Breaking down, separating
-meter
To measure
-mission
To send
-partum
Birth
-phoria
To bear, carry : feeling (mental state)
-physis
To grow
-plasia
Development, formation, growth
-pnea
Breathing
-ptosis
Drop, sag, prolapse
-rreah
Flow, discharge
-stasis
Stop, control
-trophy
Nourishment , development
A, an
No not , without
Ab
Away
Ad
Towards
Anoxia
No oxygen in tissue
Abnormal
Irregular
Abductor
Any muscle that moves a part of the body
Adductor
Any muscle that moves a pat of the body towards the middle line
Adrenal glands
Two endocrine glands above the kidneys, suprarenal glands
Ana-
up, apart
Ante-
Before, forward
Anabolism
The process of making complex molecules
Analysis
Separating a substrate into its components
Antecibum
Before meals
Anteflexion
Bending forward
Antepartum
Before birth
Anti-
Against
Antisepsis
Fights against infection
Antigen
Any substance that the body regards as foreign and simulates production of antibodies
Antibody
A protein produced by WBC against antigens 
Antibiotic
Destroys or inhibits growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria
Antitoxin
Acts against toxin 
erythroblastosis
Condition of immature blood cells
Brady
Slow
Cata
Down
autoimmune
The body might makes antibodies against its normal sense, and tissue causing information
Bifurcation
Where is an Institute parts such as bifurcation of trachea 
Bilateral
Both sides of the body
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate below 60
Catabolism
Breaking down of complex materials for simpler substances, and release energy
Con-
With, together
Connective tissue
A tissue that spines of support of tissues and parts, bone, cartilage and fibrous tissue are examples
Congenital anomaly
Birth defects, congenital means present at birth 
Contra-
Against, opposite
Ipsi -
Same
De -
Down , lack
Contraindication
Any factor in a patient’s condition that makes it unwise to pursue a certain line of treatment 
Contralateral
Affecting the opposite side of the body
Ipsilateral
Same side of the body
Dehydration
Deficiency of water
Dia-
Through, complete
Diameter
Length of st8 line of circulars
Diarrhea
Frequent discharge of water, and loose waste from the colon
Dialysis
Complete separation of nitrogenous waste urea from the blood with kidneys fail. 
Dys-
Bad, pain, abnormal
Ec-, ecto-
Out, outside
Dyspnea
Painful breathing
Dysplasia
Condition of abnormal growth بشكل غريب
Ectopic pregnancy
Development of fetus in a place other than the uterus
En- endo-
In within
Endocardium
The inner lining of the heart
Endoscope
An instrument to visualize the interior of the body
Endotracheal
Pertaining to within the trachea
Epi-
Upon, above, on
Eu-
Good, normal
Epithelium
Layer of cells covering the external surface of the body
Euphoria
A condition of wellbeing
Euthyroid
Having a normally functioning thyroid
Ex-
Outside
Hemi-
Half
Exophthalmos
Forward protrusion of the eyeball
Hemiglossectomy
Removal of half of the tongue
Hyper-
Excessive
Hypo-
Deficient
Hyperglycemia
High levels of sugar in the blood
Hypothermic injection
Placement of the needle under the skin
Hypoglycemia
Lower than normal level of sugar in the blood
hyperplasia
Condition of increased formation of cell/ increase in cell number
Hypertrophy
Increase in the size of a muscle or an organ
Infra
Beneath, under
Inter
Between
Intra
In, into, within
Insomnia
No sleep
Incision
Process of cutting into
Infracostal
Below the rib
Intercostal
Between the ribs
Intravenous
Within a vein
Macro
Large
Mal-
Bad
Ben-
Good
Macrocephaly
Abnormal large head
Malaise
Feeling of being unwell
Malignant
Cancerous
Meta-
Bones that lie within the wrist bones
Metamorphosis
An abnormal condition of change in shape
Metastasis
Spread of cancer
Neo
New
Pan
All
Neonatal
New born baby 4 weeks
Neoplasm
New abnormal growth of tissue
Pancytopenia
Deficiency of all blood cells
Para-
Abnormal, besides, near
Paralysis
Abnormal leading to loss of sensation or motion
Parathyroid gland
Tow pairs of endocrine gland behind the thyroid gland
Per-
Through
Peri-
Surrounding
Percutaneos
Through the skin
Pericardium
A membrane sac surrounding the heart
Periosteum
A membrane surrounding the bone
Poly-
Many
Post
After
Pre
Before
Polymophonuclear
Nucleus with multiple shapes
Polyneuritis
Inflammation of many nerves
Postmortem
After death
Postpartum
After birth
Precancerous
Before malignant condition
Prenatal
Before birth
Pro/pros
Before forward
Prodrome
Symptoms that appear before the onset of a more serious illness 
prolapse
Finding forward or download of a part of the body /uterus 
Prosthesis
 Artificial limb
Pseudo
False
Pseudocyesis
false pregnancy
Relapse
Reoccurring of a symptom of a disease after a parent discovery
Remission
Disappearing of the symptoms of a disease
recombinant DNA
Insertion of a gene from an organism into the DNA another organism 
Retro
Behind
Retroperitoneal
Behind the peritoneum
Retrofelxion
The bending backwards ( the womb)
Supra
Above
Subcutaneous
Under the skin
Subcutaneous layer
Lower layer Of the skin composed of fatty tissue 
Suprapubic
Above the pubic bones, anterior part of hip bone
Syn- / sym-
Together
Syndactyly
Congenital fusion of fingers or toes 
Symphysis
 a joint in which the bones that grow together united by a piece of fibrocartilage
Tachy
Fast
Trans
Across
Tachypnea
fast breathing
Transfusion
Transferring of blood from one person another
Transurethral
Through the urethra
Ultra-
Beyond excess
Uni
One
Ultrasonography
Use of high frequency sound waves that are beyond the range of normal hearing to produce a record or a picture of organ
Unilateral
One side of the body
