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Exercise Science > Chapter 7: The Cardiorespiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 7: The Cardiorespiratory System Flashcards

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0
Q

Which side deals with oxygenated blood? Deoxygenated?

A 
Right = deoxygenated 
Left = oxygenated
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1
Q

What are the functions of the cardio respiratory system?

A

Protection, transportation, regulation, gas exchange, air purifier

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2
Q

Which chamber is the thickest? Why?

A

Left ventricle, must pump blood to the entire body

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3
Q

Name the hearts linings from inside, out.

A

Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardial sac

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4
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

Lines the inside of the heart

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5
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

Heart muscle

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6
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

Outer lining of the heart

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7
Q

What is the pericardial sac?

A

Fluid filled sac to reduce friction

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8
Q

What is the path of deoxygenated blood in the heart?

A

Superior and inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid vale, right ventricle, pulmonary semi-lunar valve, pulmonary artery, lungs

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9
Q

What is the path if oxygenated blood in the heart?

A

Pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semi-lunar valve, aorta

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10
Q

What are the 4 chamber of the heart?

A

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

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11
Q

What are the ventricles separated by?

A

The interventricular septum

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12
Q

What are the two types of valves?

A 
Atrioventricular = gateway to ventricles 
Semilunar = gateway to lungs and aorta
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13
Q

What are the 2 atrioventricular valves?

A

Tricuspid, bicuspid/mitral

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14
Q

What are the 2 semilunar valves?

A

Pulmonary and aortic

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15
Q

What does a murmur mean?

A

A valve is leaking

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16
Q

Excitation of the heart includes…

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node/pacemaker, intermodal pathways, atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of HIS, right and left bundle branches, purkinje fibres

17
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

Right side of heart pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs

18
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

Left side of heart pumps oxygenated blood to body

19
Q

What is systole?

A

When ventricles contract (heart empties)

20
Q

What is diastole?

A

When ventricles relax (heart fills)

21
Q

How is blood pressure measured?

A

Systolic over diastolic

22
Q

What is normal blood pressure?

A

120mmHg / 80mmHg

23
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High blood pressure- 140mmHg / 90mmHg

24
Q

What does each heart sound represent?

A 
Lub = closing of atrioventricular valves
Dub = closing of semilunar valves
25
Q

What is an electrocardiogram?

A

Provides a graphical representation of the electrical sequence spreading through heart

26
Q

What is coronary circulation?

A

Blood supply of the myocardium, right and left coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium, right and left cardiac veins remove waste from the myocardium

27
Q

What is myocardial infarction?

A

A heart attack, when blood supply is reduced or blocked to the myocardium, that specific area dies

28
Q

What is arterial blood pressure?

A

Force if blood exerted against the walls of the arteries. Felt through pulse.

29
Q

What is a regular heart rate?

A

70-80 beats/minute

30
Q

What is brachycardia?

A

Decrease in heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute

31
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

Excessive heart rate above regular resting heart rate. Usually greater than 100 beats/minute

32
Q

What are the factors affecting blood pressure?

A

Cardiac output, blood volume, peripheral resistance

33
Q

What do veins and arteries become when they get smaller?

A

Venules and arterioles

34
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

Connect arterioles and venules, permit exchange of nutrients and gases, walls are one cell thick to allow diffusion

35
Q

What are the 3 main ways that aid in bringing blood back to the heart?

A

Thoracic pump (change in pressure), venconstriction (one way valves), skeletal muscle pump ( muscle contraction and pushes blood in vessels)

36
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in 1 min

37
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

Amount if blood that is ejected from the left ventricle in a single heartbeat

38
Q

What is heart rate?

A

Number of times heart contracts in 1 minute

39
Q

During exercise working muscles receive more oxygen, and less active organs receive less blood. Which organ has unaltered blood flow?

A

The brain

40
Q

What is cardiovascular drift?

A

When cardiac output is maintenance while heart rate increases, and stroke volume decreases during exercise. Stroke volumes declines due to fluid loss, therefore heart rate is increased to maintain cardiac output

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